2.  http://webpages.uncc.edu/~tkombol/Classes_2014_Fall/ITIS2110/2110LabSchedule.htm#wk13 http://webpages.uncc.edu/~tkombol/Classes_2014_Fall/ITIS2110/2110LabSchedule.htm#wk13  Lab 13 ◦ In-lab project work time  TA available for help ◦ Will take attendance ◦ Quick lecture on project expectations ◦ Status sheet with signatures due by end of lab period  Lab 14 ◦ Project due ◦ Presentations

3.  Brief overview

4. Your network is 152.8.0.0/16. Everyone has the same IP address range A local network Any address that starts with 152.8 is considered local. Anything else is “outside” Rules specify source and destination IP addresses

5.  Rules are for many types of interface  2 styles for IP ◦ Basic (in bound only from a source) ◦ Extended (in and out bound)  We’ll concentrate on the extended IP style

6.  access-list number {permit | deny} [protocol] {any | ipaddr mask | host ipaddr} {any | ipaddr mask | host ipaddr} [operator port | established] [log] ◦ Bold items are entered verbatim ◦ […] items are optional ◦ {…} must be entered ◦ | denotes “or” ◦ The command must be all on one line access-list 111 permit tcp any host 152.8.1.10 eq 80

7.  access-list ◦ All firewall configuration ACL commands start with this keyword  number ◦ A number typically between  E.g. IP is 0-99 or 1300-1999, IPX is 100-199 or 2000-2699  Think of it as the name of the list  Number range implies type of protocol involved  permit or deny ◦ Whether to permit or deny this packet of information if conditions match  protocol (optional) ◦ Type of protocol for this packet: IP, ICMP, SNMP, UDP or TCP  If omitted, then this command pertains to all network traffic regardless of protocol

8.  Source Address ◦ Internet address of the sender of the packet ◦ Can be:  any - This access command applies to packets from any source  host ipaddr - Command applies to one particular computer  IP address of the computer  Dotted decimal format (i.e. 152.8.1.2)  ipaddr mask – “sub-net” range affected  IP network address of the packet's source  Dotted-decimal format  Followed by a mask (dotted-decimal format)  When comparing the packet's source address, any address bit whose mask bit is one is ignored  152.8.12.47 0.0.255.255  represents all IP addresses whose first 16 bits match  Destination Address ◦ Internet address of the network packet's destination  Specified in the same three formats as the source address

9.  Operator (optional) ◦ Applies to TCP or UDP ports only ◦ Indicates how the port number in the packet should be compared ◦ If omitted, command applies for all ports  eq equal  lt less than  gt greater than  neq not equal  range a range of ports  Must specify two different port numbers  est established connections  Allows packets to pass through the firewall from the Internet if they are the response to a connection established from within the intranet

10.  Port (optional) ◦ TCP/UDP destination port number ◦ If omitted, command applies for all port numbers ◦ Port number must be specified if an operator is given  Log (optional) ◦ Whether to log this entry to the console

11.  Commands are case insensitive ◦ Note: all access-list commands must fit on one line ◦ Comments can be included configuration  Comments start with an exclamation point ( ! )  Examples: ◦ access-list 111 permit tcp any host 152.8.1.10 eq 80  Permits any computer on the Internet to connect to the computer whose  IP host address is 152.8.1.1  uses the TCP protocol  port 80 ◦ access-list 123 deny any 178.22.8.9 0.0.255.255  This will prohibit any computer from accessing a computer on the 178.22 domain using any protocol

12.  When a packet arrives at your firewall ◦ it will be compared with each access-list statement in the order they appear  The first statement that applies to that packet determines if it is permitted or denied  For incoming traffic ◦ Implicit deny everything else at the end of the access-lists  For outgoing traffic ◦ Implicit permit everything else at the end of the access-lists

13.  IP address format: any matches anything host 152.8.1.10 matches one IP address 152.8.1.1 0.0.255.255 matches a (sub)network Note: the Cisco netmask is backwards from what you're used to! Called an inverse mask 0's mean "don't care"

14. Block all incoming TCP traffic to port 80 “ any ” is the source address “ 152.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 ” is the destination. In this case, it refers to any IP address that starts with 152.8. This blocks packets from entering your network from outside Protects your internal or rogue Web servers access-list 101 deny tcp any 152.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 80

15. Block all outgoing TCP traffic to port 80 “ 152.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 ” is the source “ any ” is the destination. block all packets from the local network to the everything on port 80 outside access-list 101 deny tcp 152.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 any eq 80

16. Block all incoming port 80 traffic EXCEPT traffic to our Web server First rule permits packets to the Web server 152.8.1.10 Second rule blocks packets from outside to all inside 152.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 A packet going to the Web server Matches the first rule and stops being processed Packet allowed to go to the Web server A packet going anywhere else Doesn't match the first rule, so it gets caught by the second rule It is denied, or blocked access-list 101 allow tcp any host 152.8.1.10 eq 80 access-list 101 deny tcp any 152.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 80

17. We don't want employees in a certain subnet reading Reddit while at work. Block packets from 152.8.100.0/24 to www.reddit.com (72.246.25.35)www.reddit.com access-list 101 deny tcp 152.8.100.0 0.0.0.255 host 72.246.25.35 Note: we're only interested in IP addresses starting with 152.8.100, so the netmask is 0.0.0.255

18.  The ACLs are for an interface ◦ E.g for a specific Ethernet port (plug)  For extended IP rules need ACLs: ◦ For the outward facing ports (the internet) ◦ For the internal ones  Each rule needs source and destination addresses

19. The protocol for a service isn't always TCP DNS, for example, uses UDP You can leave out the protocol entirely to operate on all protocols. The number after “access-list” isn't important Can use the same number for every rule Should use a number for the type of rule Any incoming packets not covered by a rule are blocked by default Any outgoing packets not covered by a rule are allowed by default

20. ModeAccess Method Prompt User ExecBegin a new sessionRouter> Privileged ExecEnter enable from user ExecRouter# Global ConfigurationEnter configure from privileged Exec Mode Router(config)# Interface ConfigurationEnter interface FastEthernet number from global mode Router(config-if)# These Cisco IOS command modes are hierarchical. When you begin a router session, you are in user EXEC mode. You can see a list of available commands for a particular mode by entering a question mark (?) at the prompt.

21.  When the 850 is reset: ◦ Get a default UID of “cisco” and PW of “cisco” ◦ One time use only! ◦ Must create a new user for use next time restart/login  Otherwise will need to reset the router and start all over again!  Minicom ◦ Don’t forget to turn line wrap on!

22.  When first started or reset the Cisco 850 router does absolutely nothing  Must turn on and configure services ◦ Enable NAT ◦ Enable and configure DHCP ◦ Set up ACLs (Access Control Lists)  This lab will use Minicom to configure the router through the serial port

23.  Answer the questions and the items marked **  Work in pairs  When “fresh from the box” or reset: ◦ The router is a brick  Does nothing ◦ Needs to be configured  Includes new ID and PW  Optional: ◦ Turn in copy of lab with comments  Only if errors or incomplete instructions

24.  Short paper describing the lab with an introduction, body and summary  Answer the questions and the **ed items