1. 4.2.6 Vulnerable Species

2. EXTINCT: The Dodo Flightless bird Island of Mauritius

3. Dodo: Ecology Dodos were about the size of a turkey Breast bone not strong enough to support flight muscles Short stubby wings Unable to fly or swim Had no predators on their island Fed on fruit Laid a single egg at a time Some reports say Dodos were greedy

4. Dodo: Socio-Economic Pressures First humans to arrive to Mauritius could capture them easily, bc dodo’s had no fear of people Dodos were easy prey People settled on Mauritius and brought predators (dogs, pigs, cats, rats, macaques, etc.) People also destroyed the forest where dodos lived Flash flood on the island also reduced dodo numbers

5. Dodo: Consequences of Disappearance Became extinct 80 years after it was discovered First example of bird whose disappearance was primarily due to human activity Dodo is used as a symbol of environmental conservation and protection of endangered species

6. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED: The Philippine eagle Monkey-eating eagle Philippine islands

7. Philippine Eagle: Ecology Lives in forest on 4 major Philippine islands Birds are fast and agile, similar in flight to a hawk Can live between 30-60 years in the wild Live in steeply forested areas, and need a large territory to raise their young They are vulnerable to deforestation Eat long-tailed macaques, flying foxes, cloud rats, flying lemurs, lizards and snakes Sometimes they will eat domestic pigs or small dogs!

8. Philippine Eagle: Socio-Economic Pressures Eagle was a dominant hunter in the forest Vulnerable to loss of habitat and destruction of their food chain Deforestation – logging, and expansion of agriculture Exposure to pesticides affect breeding Mining, pollution, and poaching also threatens the birds Philippine eagle may soon disappear, even though they are protected by law.

9. IMPROVED BY INTERVENTION: The Arabian oryx Grazing antelope Arabian and Sinai peninsulas

10. Arabian oryx: Ecology Grazing antelope Adapted to survive in the extreme conditions of hot, dry deserts Live in small herds (10-30 oryx) Hierarchy of dominance among males and females Defend territories using horns and good eyesight Use horns to dig shallow pits to rest from the heat Live across the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas Reintroduced into Oman, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Jordan

11. Arabian Oryx: Socio-economic pressures By 1970s the oryx was extinct in the wild – A result of hunting by poachers on 4WD vehicles A new pop. was established by breeding in zoos Breeding gene pool was monitored to ensure a large enough gene pool was maintained Reintroduced into the wild in 1982 Poaching began again in 1996, but laws were put in place to stop it. A 2nd reintroduction has been successful – 1000 animals in the wild