1. Impact of Library Resource Management Trends for Technical Services
A Budding Flower or a Thorny Future? 
Marshall Breeding
Independent Consultant, Author,
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
April 11, 2014
New England Technical Services Librarians

2. Description
Breeding will give an update on the current trends in realm of resource management technologies.  A new genre of Library Services Platforms has emerged, with multiple products well into their implementation phase, though others remain in development.  Integrated Library Systems continue as the dominant type of product installed in most libraries.  Both revolutionary and evolutionary courses seem to be underway towards a goal of more modern approaches to resource management.  Any resource management tool must address the changing reality of libraries that are ever more involved with print and digital resources, with many seeing significant declines in acquisitions of print materials. New models of partnerships among institutions and shared infrastructure impact strategies on how libraries acquire, manage, and provide access to collections. Other topics addressed will include the how the work of technical services relates to Web-scale or index-based discovery services that the library might deploy.  

3. Library Technology Guides

4. General Industry Trends

5. Library Technology Industry Reports
American Libraries
Library Journal
2013: Rush to Innovate
2012: Agents of Change
2011: New Frontier
2010: New Models, Core Systems
2009: Investing in the Future
2008: Opportunity out of turmoil
2007: An industry redefined
2006: Reshuffling the deck
2005: Gradual evolution
2004: Migration down, innovation up
2003: The competition heats up
2002: Capturing the migrating customer
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation

6. Personnel Resources 2013 2013 2012 Company Dev Sup Sales Admin Other
2013
2012
Company
Dev
Sup
Sales
Admin
Other
Total
EBSCO Information Services
424
869
554 98
862
2807
OCLC
1280
1250
Ex Libris
194
222 60 46 14
536
522
SirsiDynix
102
170 53 20 40
385
369
EOS International 50
Follett Software Company
120
164 52 10 15
361
341
Innovative Interfaces, Inc.
103
184 61 55 7
410
Serials Solutions
124 63 5 11
255
256
The Library Corporation 41 93 25 13 27
199
Polaris Library Systems 17 3 97
VTLS 35 8 9 77 86
Equinox Software 2 18
ByWater Solutions 1 12

7. Recent ILS Industry Contracts
Company
Product
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
OCLC
WMS
184
163 92
Innovative
Sierra
206
117
113
Ex Libris
Alma 8 24 17 31
SirsiDynix
Symphony  -
126
122
104
128
Millennium 45 39 32 30 1
TLC
Library.Solution 43 48 13
Aleph 47 25 26
VTLS
Virtua 18 22 14 7
Polaris
Polaris ILS 33 23 53
Biblionix
Apollo 55 87 79 80
ByWater Solutions
Koha 44 54 34 68
PTFS LibLime
LibLime Academic Koha 5 6
LibLime Koha 27 37
Equinox
Evergreen 15 21 12

8. Mergers and Acquisitions

9. Mergers and Acquisitions Detail

10. Personnel Growth / Loss

11. New-generation Library Management

12. Appropriate Automation Infrastructure
Current automation products out of step with current realities
Increasing proportions of library collection funds spent on electronic content
Majority of automation efforts support print activities
Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure
New discovery solutions help with access to e-content
Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile

13. Library Automation in the Cloud
Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of “cloud-based” services
Server management moves from library to Vendor
Subscription-based business model
Comprehensive annual subscription payment
Offsets local server purchase and maintenance
Offsets some local technology support

14. Fragmented Library Management
LMS for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization
E-book lending platform (multiple?)
Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)
Self-service and AMH infrastructure
Electronic Resource Management
PC Scheduling and print management
Event scheduling
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

15. Is the status quo sustainable?
ILS for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and campus
Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)
OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

16. Integrated (for print) Library System
Staff Interfaces:
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
Business Logic
Circulation
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Data Stores
BIB
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
$$$
Funds
Policies

17. LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces `
E-resource Procurement
License Management
Protocols: CORE
E-Journal Titles
Vendors
License Terms

18. Common approach for ERM
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Budget
License Terms
Titles / Holdings
Vendors
Access Details

19. Gaps in Automation
Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services
Customer Relationship Management?
Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management
Collection development support

20. Comprehensive Resource Management
No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials
ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
Support for management of metadata in bulk
Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before publication

21. Academic Libraries need a new model of library management
Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System
The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections
Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections
Other library automation products evolved:
Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

22. Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services
Service oriented architecture
Exposes Web services and other API’s
Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform
General infrastructure for library automation
Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service
Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

23. Library Services Platform Characteristics
Highly Shared data models
Knowledgebase architecture
Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores
Delivered through software as a service
Multi-tenant
Unified workflows across formats and media
Flexible metadata management
MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX
Bibframe
New structures not yet invented
Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

24. Library Services Platforms
Category
WorldShare Management Services
Alma
Intota
Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC.
Ex Libris
Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts
Global network-level approach to management and discovery.
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architecture
Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary
Open Source

25. Development Schedule WorldShare Management Services Alma Intota
Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
General Release in July 2011
~200 now in production
329 libraries have signed for Alma. Over 200 in production
Libraries in production by 2015
336 contracts completed, many libraries in production (~250?)
Version 1.0 released Dec 2013
Version 2.0 underway
Summer 2014 implementations planned by
University of Chicago and Lehigh University

26. Integrated Library Systems?
ILS products continue to evolve
Continue to be appropriate for libraries with active physical collections
Public Libraries
Development trajectory must include
Integration of e-book lending
Service-oriented architecture
Improved support for non-print materials
Evolved ILS will eventually resemble library services platforms

27. Evolved ILS example: Polaris
Basic structure of an ILS
APIs available for extensibility
LEAP: development of Web-based staff interfaces
Full integration of e-book discovery and lending
Partnership with 3M Cloud Library
Continues to see strong sales

28. New Library Management Model
Consolidated index
Unified Presentation Layer
Search:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO …
JSTOR
Other Resources
Self-Check / Automated Return `
API Layer
Library Services Platform
Discovery Service
Stock Management
Enterprise Resource Planning
Smart Cad / Payment systems
Learning Management
Authentication Service

29. Metadata Management MARC-based cataloging prospects
Library collections shifting to electronic and digital
Many components of collections appropriately described with other formats: Dublin Core, VRA,

30. RDA Resource Description and Access
Major change relative to resources devoted to transition
Minor impact relative to operational and strategic use of metadata

31. BIBFRAME
Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic Transformation of the Library of Congress
bibframe.org
Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope
Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework)
Major departure from MARC
Today more conceptual than operational

32. New Technical processing workflows
Demand-driven acquisitions
Managing records in bulk
Personnel Resources distributed among acquiring and describing electronic, print, and digital resources
Resource allocation should be loosely proportionate to collection budgets and high-level strategies
New systems provide more flexibility to handle multiple families of metadata

33. Resource Management for Discovery

34. Web-scale Index-based Discovery
ILS Data
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
(2009- present)
Digital Collections
Search:
Web Site Content
Institutional Repositories
Search Results
Aggregated Content packages
Consolidated Index
Profile of Library Subscriptions
Open Access …
E-Journals
Usage-generated Data
Customer Profile
Reference Sources
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

35. Demise of the local catalog?
Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory
Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface
Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

36. Development / Deployment perspective
Beginning of a new cycle of transition
Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

37. Eventual product consolidation
Alma for resource management
Eventual transition of Voyager and Aleph
Immediate transition of Verde
SFX
DigiTool for digital collections
Primo / Primo Central for Discovery
Rosetta for Preservation
Possible integration into Alma?

38. Open source and Open Access
Open source development of platform services
Open source infrastructure components
Open APIs to expose platform services
Knowledge base components
Open access
Community maintained
Adequately resourced

39. Open Systems
Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies
Libraries need to do more with their data
Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies
Demand for Interoperability
Open source – full access to internal program of the application
Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

40. Open Source Integrated Library Systems
Major thread in library systems development
Koha
Evergreen
Kuali OLE

41. Competing Models of Library Automation
Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS
Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris,
BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se
LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy
Traditional Open Source ILS
Evergreen, Koha
New generation Library Services Platforms
Ex Libris Alma
Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud)
OCLC WorldShare Management Services,
Serials Solutions Intota
Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving)

42. Leveraging the Cloud
Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation
Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.

43. Development / Deployment perspective
Beginning of a new cycle of transition
Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

44. Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support
Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions
Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)
Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

45. Convergence
Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets
Ex Libris: Primo / Alma
Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota
OCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare Platform
Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service
Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases
API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

46. Questions and discussion