1. Virtual Private Network (VPN) © N. Ganesan, Ph.D.

2. Chapter Objectives

3. Chapter Modules

4. Primary Reference VPN Overview by Microsoft

5. VPN A virtual private network that is established over, in general, the Internet It is virtual because it exists as a virtual entity within a public network It is private because it is confined to a set of private users

6. Why is it a Virtual Private Network? From the user’s perspective, it appears as a network consisting of dedicated network links These links appear as if they are reserved for the VPN clientele Because of encryption, the network appears to be private

7. Example of a VPN

8. VPN Major Characteristics Must emulate a point-to-point link –Done by encapsulating the data that would facilitate allow it to travel the Internet to reach the end point Must emulate a private link –Done by encrypting the data in the data packets

9. Typical VPN Connection

10. Tunnel and Connections Tunnel –The portion of the network where the data is encapsulated Connection –The portion of the network where the data is encrypted

11. Application Areas In general, provide users with connection to the corporate network regardless of their location The alternative of using truly dedicated lines for a private network are expensive propositions

12. Some Common Uses of VPN Provide users with secured remote access over the Internet to corporate resources Connect two computer networks securely over the Internet –Example: Connect a branch office network to the network in the head office Secure part of a corporate network for security and confidentiality purpose

13. Remote Access Over the Internet

14. Connecting Two Computer Networks Securely

15. Securing a Part of the Corporate Network

16. Basic VPN Requirements User Authentication Address Management Data Encryption Key Management Multi-protocol Support

17. User Authentication VPN must be able to verify user authentication and allow only authorized users to access the network

18. Address Management Assign addresses to clients and ensure that private addresses are kept private on the VPN

19. Data Encryption Encrypt and decrypt the data to ensure that others on the not have access to the data

20. Key Management Keys must be generated and refreshed for encryption at the server and the client Note that keys are required for encryption

21. Multi-protocol Support The VPN technology must support commons protocols on the Internet such as IP, IPX etc.

22. VPN Implementation Protocols Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) of Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) IPSec

23. More on Tunneling Tunneling involves the encapsulation, transmission and decapsulation of data packets The data is encapsulated with additional headers The additional headers provide routing information for encapsulated data to be routed between the end points of a tunnel

24. Tunneling

25. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Encapsulate and encrypt the data to be sent over a corporate or public IP network

26. Level 2 Tunneling Protocol Encrypted and encapsulated to be sent over a communication links that support user datagram mode of transmission –Examples of links include X.25, Frame Relay and ATM

27. IPSec Tunnel Mode Encapsulate and encrypt in an IP header for transmission over an IP network

28. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocols PPTP L2TP Both encapsulate the payload in a PPP frame

29. Layer 3 Tunneling Protocol IPSec Tunneling Mode –Encapsulates the payload in an additional IP header

30. PPP Format

31. PPTP Format

32. L2TP Format

33. Windows Implementation of VPN L2TP for tunneling IPSec for encryption Known as L2TP/IPSec

34. Windows Implementation

35. IPSec Tunnel Mode Supports only IP networks

36. Tunnel Types Voluntary –VPN request is initiated by the client –The client remains the end point Compulsory –VPN access server creates a compulsory tunnel for the client –In this case, the dial-up access server between the user’s computer and the tunnel server is the tunnel end point that acts as a client

37. The Choice Voluntary tunneling is used in most applications

38. Other Important Protocols in VPN Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS)

39. A Note on RADIUS

40. Keys Symmetric Keys Asymmetric Keys

41. Summary

43. End of Module

44. VPN Scenarios © N. Ganesan, Ph.D.

45. Chapter Objectives

46. Chapter Modules

47. Reference

48. Some Example Scenarios VPN remote access for employees. On-demand branch office access. Persistent branch office access. Extranet for business partners. Dial-up and VPNs with RADIUS authentication

49. VPN Remote Access for Employees

51. Router-to-Router Branch Office Connection

52. Branch Office Connection (Router- to-Router)

53. VPN Based Extranet

54. Dial-up and VPNS with RADIUS Authentication

55. Module Configuring a VPN Environment

56. Test Scenario

57. Component Details A computer running Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, named DC1 that is acting as a domain controller, a Domain Name System (DNS) server, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, and a certification authority (CA). A computer running Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, named VPN1 that is acting as a VPN server. VPN1 has two network adapters installed. A computer running Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, named IAS1 that is acting as a Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) server.

58. Component Details Cont. A computer running Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, named IIS1 that is acting as a Web and file server. A computer running Windows XP Professional named CLIENT1 that is acting as a VPN client.

59. Private and Public Networks Private –172.16.0.0/24 Simulated Public –10.0.0.0/24

60. DC1 DC1 is a computer running Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition that is providing the following services: –A domain controller for the example.com Active Directory domain –.A DNS server for the example.com DNS domain. –A DHCP server for the intranet network segment –The enterprise root certification authority (CA) for the example.com domain.

61. Step 1: Configuring DC1 The first step is to configure the following –Active Directory –DNS –DHCP –CA

62. Step 2: Configure IAS1 Install Windows Server –Provides RADIUS authentication, authorization, and accounting for VPN1 Register server in active directory Configure new remote access policies Specify authentication method and encryption level

63. Step 3: Configure IIS1 Configure this as a web server for web access as well as file sharing

64. Step 4: Configure VPN1 Install VPN1 as a member server in the domain Configure TCP/IP for the Intranet and Internet sides Configure and enable routing and remote access Setup the server to work with a RADIUS server Setup the DHCP relay agent parameters

65. Step 5: Configure Client1 CLIENT1 is a computer running Windows XP Professional that is acting as a VPN client and gaining remote access to intranet resources across the simulated Internet. To configure CLIENT1 as a VPN client for a PPTP connection, perform the following steps:

66. 1.Connect CLIENT1 to the intranet network segment. 2.On CLIENT1, install Windows XP Professional as a member computer named CLIENT1 of the example.com domain. 3.Add the VPNUser account in the example.com domain to the local Administrators group. 4.Log off and then log on using the VPNUser account in the example.com domain.

67. 5.From Control Panel-Network Connections, obtain properties on the Local Area Network connection, and then obtain properties on the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). 6.Click the Alternate Configuration tab, and then click User configured. 7.In IP address, type 10.0.0.1. In Subnet mask, type 255.255.255.0. This is shown in the following figure.

69. 8.Click OK to save changes to the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click OK to save changes to the Local Area Network connection. 9.Shut down the CLIENT1 computer. 10.Disconnect the CLIENT1 computer from the intranet network segment, and connect it to the simulated Internet network segment.

70. 11.Restart the CLIENT1 computer and log on using the VPNUser account. 12.On CLIENT1, open the Network Connections folder from Control Panel. 13.In Network Tasks, click Create a new connection. 14.On the Welcome to the New Connection Wizard page of the New Connection Wizard, click Next. 15.On the Network Connection Type page, click Connect to the network at my workplace. This is shown in the following figure.

75. 19.Click Next. On the Connection Availability page, click Next. 20.On the Completing the New Connection Wizard page, click Finish. The Connect PPTPtoCorpnet dialog box is displayed. This is shown in the following figure.

77. 21.Click Properties, and then click the Networking tab. 22.On the Networking tab, in Type of VPN, click PPTP VPN. This is shown in the following figure

79. 23.Click OK to save changes to the PPTPtoCorpnet connection. The Connect PPTPtoCorpnet dialog box is displayed. 24.In User name, type example/VPNUser. In Password, type the password you chose for the VPNUser account. This is shown in the following figure.

81. 25.Click Connect. 26.When the connection is complete, run Internet Explorer. 27.If prompted by the Internet Connection Wizard, configure it for a LAN connection. In Address, type http://IIS1.example.com/winxp.gif. You should see a Windows XP graphic. 28.Click Start, click Run, type \\IIS1\ROOT, and then click OK. You should see the contents of the Local Drive (C:) on IIS1. 29.Right-click the PPTPtoCorpnet connection, and then click Disconnect.

82. End of Chapter