1. Parathyroid & Thyroid Glands
Hannah Chung & Alina Kim
HAP 5

2. Function & Importance of Endocrine System
Function: Regulate the body through hormones. Importance: Respond to signals from the brain and to changes in chemicals in the blood.

3. Measures about 6 mm in length and 3-4 mm in width
Parathyroid Gland
Measures about 6 mm in length and 3-4 mm in width

4. Thyroid Gland
Normally about the size of two thumbs held together in the shape of “V”

5. Location
Thyroid: side of the trachea; spreads across front of throat; shaped like a butterfly Parathyroid: located on back lobes of thyroid

6. Role & Function Thyroid Gland regulates body’s metabolism
Parathyroid regulates the calcium level within the blood and the bones.
Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4 hormones which stimulates body tissues to produce proteins and increase the amount of O2.

7. Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone (parathyroid) Thyroxine
3 Hormones
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone (parathyroid)
Thyroxine

8. Calcitonin
Function: regulates balance of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) in bones and blood; increases amount of calcium bones can accept.

9. Parathyroid Hormone/ Parathormone (pTH)
Function: regulates level of calcium in blood Released in response to decreased calcium levels raises calcium levels Works with calcitonin Animation: Parathyroid Hormone

10. Thyroxine (T4)
Function: stimulates metabolism and oxygen consumption Released in response to TSH Animation: Mechanism of Thyroxine Action

11. Diseases
Hypothyroidism- when one’s thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough of certain major hormones.
Causes: autoimmune disease, treatment for hyperthyroidism, and radiation therapy.
Symptoms: Fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, dry skin, puffy face, and elevated blood cholesterol.

12. Diseases
Hyperparathyroidism- an excess of parathyroid hormone in the blood stream from over activity of one or more of four parathyroid glands.
Cause: unable to maintain proper levels of both Ca and P.
Symptoms: fragile bones (osteoporosis), kidney stones, and loss of appetite.

13. Things you should know…
Thyroid can make a person gain weight.
Fluoride and soy are not good for thyroid health.

14. Bibliography
"Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands." National Cancer Institute. N.p., 18 Jan Web. 6 Mar < Facts on File, Inc. "Endocrine System." Health Reference Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Mar < EHM1125&SingleRecord=True.> "Parathyroid Glands." Health Reference Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Mar < EHM1188&SingleRecord=True.> "Thyroid Gland." Health Reference Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Mar < EHM1203&SingleRecord=True.>. Ronzio, Robert. "Endocrine System." The Encyclopedia of Nutrition and Good Health. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Health Reference Center. Web. 6 Mar < ENGHS0580&SingleRecord=True.>. Segan, Joseph C., and Josephine Wade. The Patient's Guide to Medical Tests. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Health Reference Center. Web. 6 Mar < PGMT0671&SingleRecord=True.>. Summary of Hormonal Control of Blood Calcium Levels Through Action on Bone. Endocrine System. N.p., Web. 6 Mar <

15. Concept Check 1) Where are Thyroid and Parathyroid glands located?
Nose
Shoulder
Front of Neck
Umbilical

16. 2) What is the symptom of one of the disease that affects Thyroid Gland?
Osteoporosis
Low blood pressure
Elevated blood cholesterol
Stomach Pain

17. 3) What are the names of three hormones a
3) What are the names of three hormones a. Parathyroid, Melatonin, Calcitonin b. Calcitonin, Parathyroid, Thyroxine c. Thyroxine, Melatonin, Serotonin d. Dopamine, Glucagon, Calcitonin

18. Open-ended
4) What are the functions of Thyroid and Parathyroid glands? How do they differ?
Thyroid gland regulates body’s metabolism. Parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels within the blood and bones. There’s one thyroid gland as compared to four parathyroid glands.