1. AIDS Objectives: Be able to describe the definition of AIDS. Be able to describe the definition of AIDS. Be able to describe three facts about the epidemiology ( the spread, growth and development of disease) of AIDS. Be able to describe three facts about the epidemiology ( the spread, growth and development of disease) of AIDS. Be able to describe how AIDS is contracted or passed on from one person to another. Be able to describe how AIDS is contracted or passed on from one person to another.

2. AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Since 1981, more than 60 million people have become infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Today, more than 42 million people live with HIV or AIDS. Since 1981, more than 60 million people have become infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Today, more than 42 million people live with HIV or AIDS. About 5 million new cases were diagnosed in 2002. About 5 million new cases were diagnosed in 2002.

3. AIDS Continued: Women are becoming increasingly affected by this virus, and they account for at least 50% of new cases. Women are becoming increasingly affected by this virus, and they account for at least 50% of new cases. In the U.S., as of 2002, more than 866,575 men, women and children have been diagnosed with AIDS. At least 501,669 have died. In the U.S., as of 2002, more than 866,575 men, women and children have been diagnosed with AIDS. At least 501,669 have died.

4. How HIV Is Transmitted: Infected body fluids (for example: semen, vaginal secretions, blood) Infected body fluids (for example: semen, vaginal secretions, blood) Mucous membranes of the genital organs and the anus provide the easiest route of entry. Mucous membranes of the genital organs and the anus provide the easiest route of entry. If there is a break in the mucous membranes (during intercourse), the virus enters and begins to multiply. If there is a break in the mucous membranes (during intercourse), the virus enters and begins to multiply.

5. HIV Transmission Continued: After initial infection, HIV multiples rapidly, invading the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid. After initial infection, HIV multiples rapidly, invading the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid. It destroys helper T-lymphocytes, thus weakening the body’s resistance to disease. It destroys helper T-lymphocytes, thus weakening the body’s resistance to disease. The virus alters the genetic structure of the cells it attacks. The virus alters the genetic structure of the cells it attacks. IT IS HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!!! IT IS HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!!!

6. HIV Transmission Continued: If you engage in high-risk behaviors, which means unprotected sex, you can contract AIDS. If you engage in high-risk behaviors, which means unprotected sex, you can contract AIDS. Sex with multiple partners is also considered a high-risk behavior. Sex with multiple partners is also considered a high-risk behavior. Saliva is not a high-risk body fluid unless blood is present. Saliva is not a high-risk body fluid unless blood is present. HIV can be found in saliva so use caution when engaging in deep, wet kissing. HIV can be found in saliva so use caution when engaging in deep, wet kissing.

7. HIV Transmission Continued: Mother’s milk is contagious only if it is mixed with blood. Mother’s milk is contagious only if it is mixed with blood. Receiving a blood transfusion prior to 1985 could have given you AIDS. Receiving a blood transfusion prior to 1985 could have given you AIDS. Sharing HIV-contaminated needles and syringes can give you AIDS. Sharing HIV-contaminated needles and syringes can give you AIDS. 1 in 3 children have contracted AIDS from their mother while in the womb. 1 in 3 children have contracted AIDS from their mother while in the womb.

8. Women and AIDS Women are 4 to 10 times more likely than men to contract HIV through unprotected sex with an infected partner. Women are 4 to 10 times more likely than men to contract HIV through unprotected sex with an infected partner. Women most at risk are ethnic minorities and the economically disadvantaged. Women most at risk are ethnic minorities and the economically disadvantaged.

9. Women and AIDS Continued: Women of color account for 76% of AIDS cases among women, though they comprise less than 25% of all U.S. women. Women of color account for 76% of AIDS cases among women, though they comprise less than 25% of all U.S. women. AIDS is the leading cause of death among African-American women age 25 to 44. AIDS is the leading cause of death among African-American women age 25 to 44.

10. Women and AIDS Continued… AIDS is a fourth leading cause of death among all American women age 25 to 44. AIDS is a fourth leading cause of death among all American women age 25 to 44. AIDS is one of the top ten leading causes of death for ages 15 to 64 in the U.S. AIDS is one of the top ten leading causes of death for ages 15 to 64 in the U.S.

11. Why Do You Think Women of Color Have Higher Incidence of AIDS? Less income Less income Less social support Less social support Less health and social service systems Less health and social service systems Inadequate treatment for women addicts Inadequate treatment for women addicts Lack of access to childcare and health care leads to increased stress and possibly less self-protection Lack of access to childcare and health care leads to increased stress and possibly less self-protection

12. Symptoms of HIV Disease A person can be symptom free for many years after initial infection. A person can be symptom free for many years after initial infection. It takes an average of 8 to 10 years for the virus to cause the slow, degenerative changes in the immune system. It takes an average of 8 to 10 years for the virus to cause the slow, degenerative changes in the immune system. During this time, the person may experience a large number of infections, such as: colds, sore throats, fever, tiredness, nausea, and night sweats. During this time, the person may experience a large number of infections, such as: colds, sore throats, fever, tiredness, nausea, and night sweats.

13. Common AIDS Diseases Kaposi’s sarcoma Kaposi’s sarcoma Cancer Cancer Pulmonary tuberculosis Pulmonary tuberculosis Recurrent pneumonia Recurrent pneumonia Invasive cervical cancer Invasive cervical cancer

14. Kaposi’s sarcoma:

15. Treatment of AIDS: Medications are protease inhibitors: Amprenavir, Ritonavir and Saquinavir. Medications are protease inhibitors: Amprenavir, Ritonavir and Saquinavir. These drugs resemble protein chains that the HIV protease normally cuts. They block HIV protease enzymes from cutting the protein chains needed to produce new viruses. These drugs resemble protein chains that the HIV protease normally cuts. They block HIV protease enzymes from cutting the protein chains needed to produce new viruses.

16. Treatments of AIDS Continued: Other medications include antiviral treatments such as AZT. Other medications include antiviral treatments such as AZT. Although these drugs provide new hope for AIDS, we are long way from a cure. Although these drugs provide new hope for AIDS, we are long way from a cure.

17. Staying Safe in an Unsafe Sexual World: Avoid casual sexual partners. Avoid casual sexual partners. Try to have long-term, mutually monogamous relationships. Try to have long-term, mutually monogamous relationships. Avoid unprotected sex. Avoid unprotected sex. Do not be afraid to ask intimate questions about your partner’s sexual past. Do not be afraid to ask intimate questions about your partner’s sexual past. Never share needles, razors, tattoo instruments, and body-piercing instruments. Never share needles, razors, tattoo instruments, and body-piercing instruments.

18. Staying Safe Continued: Avoid using drugs that dull your senses and affect your ability to make responsible decisions. Avoid using drugs that dull your senses and affect your ability to make responsible decisions. Wash your hands before and after sexual encounters. Wash your hands before and after sexual encounters. Be sure medical professionals wear gloves and wash hands to prevent cross-transmission. Be sure medical professionals wear gloves and wash hands to prevent cross-transmission.

19. Staying Safe Continued: With new partners, try to get an HIV test together. With new partners, try to get an HIV test together. Remember, this could be a life or death situation. Remember, this could be a life or death situation. Make sure to get as much sexual history so you can make an informed decision. Make sure to get as much sexual history so you can make an informed decision.

20. AIDS Around the World AIDS is decreasing in the U.S., but in other regions of the world, it is not. AIDS is decreasing in the U.S., but in other regions of the world, it is not. By the year 2003, an estimated 34 to 46 million people in the world were infected with HIV. That’s 1 out of every 100 men, women, and children. By the year 2003, an estimated 34 to 46 million people in the world were infected with HIV. That’s 1 out of every 100 men, women, and children. This means that every day in 2003, an estimated 14,000 people were newly infected with HIV. This means that every day in 2003, an estimated 14,000 people were newly infected with HIV.

21. AIDS Around the World Continued: In South Africa, 1 in every 5 people is now infected. In South Africa, 1 in every 5 people is now infected. Almost 39% of the population in Botswana and Swaziland is now living with HIV. Almost 39% of the population in Botswana and Swaziland is now living with HIV. About 30% of the people living with HIV worldwide live in Southern Africa, an area that is home to just 2% of the world’s population About 30% of the people living with HIV worldwide live in Southern Africa, an area that is home to just 2% of the world’s population South Africa has 5.3 million people living with AIDS, more than any other country. South Africa has 5.3 million people living with AIDS, more than any other country.

22. Latin America and the Caribbean: About 2 million people living with HIV About 2 million people living with HIV The epidemic was mainly spread through heterosexual intercourse, injecting drug use and men having sex with men. The epidemic was mainly spread through heterosexual intercourse, injecting drug use and men having sex with men. Haiti was worse hit with 60% of adults infected. Haiti was worse hit with 60% of adults infected.

23. Europe and Central Asia: About 1.5 million living with the AIDS virus About 1.5 million living with the AIDS virus In other parts of Asia, 7.4 million are living with AIDS virus. In other parts of Asia, 7.4 million are living with AIDS virus. Thailand and Cambodia have controlled the spread of HIV by providing condom use among sex workers. Thailand and Cambodia have controlled the spread of HIV by providing condom use among sex workers. An estimated 4.5 million have been infected with HIV in India. An estimated 4.5 million have been infected with HIV in India.

24. Testing for HIV Antibodies A blood test known as ELISA can detect HIV virus. A blood test known as ELISA can detect HIV virus. A more expensive and precise test is known as the Western blot. A more expensive and precise test is known as the Western blot. There are also mouth swab tests. There are also mouth swab tests. Many cities have anonymous and free testing. Many cities have anonymous and free testing. All these tests detect antibodies for the disease that would indicate HIV presence. All these tests detect antibodies for the disease that would indicate HIV presence.

25. Summary: AIDS is still a very dangerous and very contagious disease. AIDS is still a very dangerous and very contagious disease. Always make sure to protect yourself from sexual fluid exchange by using condoms. Always make sure to protect yourself from sexual fluid exchange by using condoms.