1. Cameron Dressen, Ryan Sanft, and Tyler Kohmetscher

2.  Skeletal disease that is characterized by low mineral density  Occurs when the formation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the removal of old bone  >10 million Americans older than 50 have this disease and another 34 million are at risk  Normal  -1 to 1 standard deviations of a normal BMD  Osteoporosis  -2.5 to 2.5 standard deviations off of normal BMD

3.  Primary Osteoporosis  Most common type  More common in women than men ▪ Women have lower BMD than men  Postmenopausal women-estrogen decreases  Testosterone decreases in men  Secondary Osteoporosis  Caused by other medical conditions

4.  Osteogenesis Imperfecta  Rare form present at birth  Bones break for no reason  Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis  Ages 8-14 or during growth periods  No known cause

5.  Considerations  Use bike as alternative to treadmill  Avoid tests that would load the spinal column  Don’t do max tests with patients with severe osteoporosis

6.  Individuals at risk have 1 or more risk factors  Current low bone mass  Age  Female  If at risk use FITT principle to help maintain bone health

7.  Frequency  Weight-bearing 3-5 days/wk  Resistance 2-3 days/wk  Intensity  Moderate intensity (60-80% 1RM) 8-12 reps  High (80-90% 1 RM) 5-6 reps  Time  30-60 min/day  Type  Weight-bearing- stair climbing, walking, etc  Resistance Exercises

8.  Generally recommended  Moderate exercise that doesn’t cause pain  Those with osteoporosis AVOID….  Explosive movement and high-impact loading  Twisting, bending or compression of spine  For elderly prescribe  Stretching  Balance exercises