1. By Yoana cristina pinzon

2. Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. Etymologists collect knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods of their history and when they entered the languages.

3. Methodology: Comparative method Originally grew from the philological tradition Language families

5. Types of word origins Etymological theory recognizes that words originate through a limited number of basic mechanisms, the most important of which are borrowing (i.e., the adoption of "loanwords" from other languages); word formation such as derivation and compounding; and onomatopoeia and sound symbolism, (i.e., the creation of imitative words such as "click"). While the origin of newly emerged words is often more or less transparent, it tends to become obscured through time due to sound change or semantic change. Due to sound change, it is not readily obvious that the English word set is related to the word sit (the former is originally a causative formation of the latter).

6. It is even less obvious that bless is related to blood (the former was originally a derivative with the meaning "to mark with blood"). Semantic change may also occur. For example, the English word bead originally meant "prayer". It acquired its modern meaning through the practice of counting the recitation of prayers by using beads.

7. When the Normans conquered England in 1066 (see Norman Conquest), they brought their Norman language with them. For example, beef is related, through borrowing, to modern French bœuf, veal to veau, pork to porc, and poultry to poulet. All these words, French and English, refer to the meat rather than to the animal. Words that refer to farm animals, on the other hand, tend to be cognates of words in other Germanic languages. For example swine/Schwein, cow/Kuh, calf/Kalb, and sheep/Schaf.

8. English has proven accommodating to words from many languages, as described in the following examples. Scientific terminology relies heavily on words of Latin and Greek origin. Spanish has contributed many words, particularly in the southwestern United States. Examples include buckaroo from vaquero or "cowboy"; alligator from el lagarto or "lizard";; states' names such as Colorado and Florida. Cuddle, eerie, and greed come from Scots; albino, palaver, lingo, verandah, and coconut from Portuguese; diva, prima donna, pasta, pizza, paparazzi, and umbrella from Italian; adobe, alcohol, algebra, algorithm, apricot, assassin, caliber, cotton, hazard, jacket, jar, julep, mosque, Muslim, orange, safari, sofa, and zero from Arabic; honcho.

9. sushi, and tsunami from Japanese; dim, gung ho, kowtow, kumquat (fruit), ketchup, and typhoon from Cantonese; behemoth (monster), hallelujah, Satan, jubilee, and rabbi from Hebrew; taiga, sable, and sputnik from Russian; galore, whiskey, phoney (fake), trousers, and Tory (conservative) from Irish; brahman, guru, karma, and pandit (critic) from Sanskrit.

10. What is it good for? 10

11. War of Thrones

12. Etymology: The longest word at 36 letters is: (Noun) Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia Pronounced: hippo-poto-mon-stroses-quiped-alio- phobia Word Roots: Hippopoto- (Greek) monstro- (latin) sesqui- (latin) pedalio- (latin) phobia (greek) Meaning: Large-Monstrous-Foot and a half long- Fear ….. Of words (Logos – Greek). 12

13. Monstrous-words-phobia, is a legitimate disorder. Symptoms Causes Treatment 1.Anxiety 2.Rapid Heart Rate 3.Loss of Breath 4.Nausea 5.Dry Mouth 6.Clammy Hands 7.Trembling 1.Past Trauma 2.Environment 3.Heredity 1.Therapy 2.Medication 3.Will power 13

14. Interesting words Anthropology Anthropologist Anthropoid Anthropomorphous

16. Interesting Words Androgynous Guacamole Alucinógeno - Hallucinogen (alucinari) Greek (vagar errante) + latin (lux)

17. Sciences Philosophy Biology Geography Semantics

21. Etymology 21

22. Word roots RootMeaningExample a, anwithout, notasexual, amoral, anarchy, anhydrous, Anabaptist, anachronism ab, abs, aapart, away from abnormal, abduct, abductor (muscle), abscission adtowardadhere, adductor (muscle) adumbrate agereactagent, agency, agenda amphi, ambi round, both sides amphitheater, amphibian, ambidextrous, ambivalent antebeforeantedate, anteroom, antecedent, anterior anthromananthropology, anthropomorphic 22

23. Word roots antiagainstantipathy, antitank, anticlimax aquawateraquarium, aqueous, aqueduct archaiosancientarcheology, archetype, archaic, archeozoic archosleader, first, chiefmonarchy, oligarchy, anarchy, archetype, architect audiohearaudiophile, audiometer, auditory autoselfautomatic, automaton, auto-immune bitwobi-partisan, bisexual, biennial, binary, bicuspid, bivalve 23

24. Word Roots benewell, favorable benefit, benevolent, benefactor, beneficent biblebookbibliography, Bible, bibliophile biolifebiology, biography, bio-active cacoBadcacophony cidekillhomicide, parricide, germicidal, ecocide circumaroundcircumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate constitutusstandconstitution, statute corpusbodycorpse, corporal punishment, corporeal, corpus callosum cracyruledemocracy, theocrat, technocracy 24

25. Word Roots credobeliefcredit, creed, credo, incredulous demospeopledemocracy, demographic ditwo, doubledimorphism, -, diatomic diaacross, through diagonal, dialectic, dialogue, diagnosis disnot, apartdisperse, disinherit, disenfranchise, distend dominuslorddominant, dominion dynastha i be abledynamic, dynamo, dynasty, dynamite egoI, selfego, egomaniac, egocentric, epiupon, overepidermis, epidemic, epigram, epitaph, epithet, epiphyte, epistasis, epinephrine, epiphysis 25

26. Word Roots exoutexotic, exterior, extraneous, extemporaneous, exophalmic, exogenous, exothermic, exoskeleton federisleague, pactfederation, confederate fraterbrotherfraternize, fraternity, fraternal, fratricide geoearthgeology, geography, geocentric, geomancy graphwrite, recordgraphic, graphite, graphology, heteromixed, unlikeheterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox, heterodont, hetero atom, heterocyclic, heterozygous, homosame, alikehomogeneous, homogenized, homozygous, homolytic fission, Homo sapiens, homonid, homeostasis 26

27. Word Roots idemthe sameidentity, idiopathic, I, individual ideoideaideology, ideation, ideal idiosone's own idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiopathic in incarcerate, incorporate, inculcate, induction, inductance, indigenous, indicator, inspiration in, imnotincredible, ignoble, inglorious, inhospitable, infinite, infinitesimal, immoral interbetweeninteract, interstellar, interpret, interstitial legis (lex)lawlegal, legislature lexiswordlexicon, lexicography 27

28. Word Roots liberfree, bookliberty, library, liberal Loco/locuPlacelocality, local, circumlocution Loqu/loqui & locSpeakLoquaciousness, interlocutor, circumlocution macrolargemacroeconomics, macroscopic, macrophage maniaobsessionmaniac, Beatlemania metermeasuremetronome, speedometer, odometer microsmallmicroscope, micron, micrometer, microorganism 28

29. Word Roots mittere, mittosendmission, transmit, remit monoone, singlemonocle, monopoly, monogamy, monovalent, monomania, monarchy mortisdeathmortician, mortuary, moribund, morbid Nomen/nymnamenoble, ignominy, synonym, nomenclature, nominal. oligfewoligarchy, oligopoly paterfatherpaternal, paternity, patricide 29

30. Word Roots Ped/pedofootpedestrian, pedal, pedicure, podiatrist periaroundperipatetic, periscope, perineum, peritoneum phageeatphagocyte, phagocytosis, aerophagia, alliaphage philolovephilosophy, philanthropy phobosphobiaAgoraphobia phonsoundPhonetics, phonics, sym- phon-y poleinsellmonopoly polisCitypolitical, metropolitan 30

31. Word Roots polymanypolygamy, polyphonic, hoi polloi, polyglot, polygon, polyandry portocarryporter, export, import, apportion, davenport, deported, proportion postafterpost script (p.s.), ex post facto, post hoc, post- mortem prebeforepremier, preview, premium, prescient probefore, in favor of project, projectile, prototype psychemind, soulPsychology, psychiatry, psychadelic 31

32. Word Roots publicuspeoplepublic, republic, pub, publican Riparia/rivierariverRiparian, arrive, rivak scopeexaminemicroscope, oscilloscope scribowritetranscribe, scribe, script solusalonesolo, solitary 32

33. Word Roots subterunder, secret subterfuge, subtle, subaltern, subterranean sin (sys before b, p, or m) together, with synchronize, symbiotic, symphony, sympathy, syncretic, syncope teledistancetelegraph, telephone, teleology transacrosstransport, transcend, transmogrify utilisusefulutility, utilitarian vide, visibil, visseevideo, vision, visible 33