1. Sport First Aid

2. Aspects of Treating Injuries Injury and Illness Prevention Injury and Illness Prevention Injury and Illness Recognition and First Aid Injury and Illness Recognition and First Aid Assessment/Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment/Diagnosis and Treatment Rehabilitation Rehabilitation

3. Sports Medicine Team Many make up a successful Sports Medicine Team, each must know and stay within their role. Many make up a successful Sports Medicine Team, each must know and stay within their role. –Athlete –Coach –EMT/Paramedic –Physicians –Athletic Trainer –Physical Therapist –Dentist/Oral Surgeon –Optometrist –Strength and Conditioning Coach –Equipment Manager –And more….

4. EMERGENCY PLAN Trained Personnel Trained Personnel –Credentials 1st Aide 1st Aide CPR CPR ATC ATC EMT EMT MD MD –Emergency Care Equipment Field Kits Field Kits Splint Bags Splint Bags Stretcher Stretcher Biohazard Biohazard

5. Emergency Transportation Emergency Transportation –Transportation Vehicles –Ambulance & Paramedics –School personnel Communication System Communication System –Equipment radios radios telephones telephones on-the-scene transfer of information on-the-scene transfer of information – Notification ER & Urgent Care ER & Urgent Care Parents Parents Administrators Administrators

6. Emergency Care Facility Emergency Care Facility –Hospitals Services Offered Services Offered Locations Locations –Legal Considerations Group Health Care Plan Facilities Group Health Care Plan Facilities Emergency Care Protocol Emergency Care Protocol –Chain of Command Assignments and responsibilities Assignments and responsibilities on the scene care on the scene care telephone emergency telephone emergency Map (directions) Map (directions)

7. –Mock Drills Be Prepared Be Prepared Record Keeping Record Keeping –Accident Report –Emergency Cards –Documentation

8. 911 Calls... Must give dispatcher following information Must give dispatcher following information –Type of emergency situation –Type of suspected injury –Present condition of athlete –Current assistance being given (CPR, ect) –Location telephone telephone cross streets cross streets how to enter facility how to enter facility

9. Assessment Procedures On The Field On The Field –Primary Survey ABCs ABCs Bleeding/Shock Bleeding/Shock –Secondary Survey Vitals Vitals Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms

10. VITALS Pulse Pulse –60-80 in adults –Account for activity –80-100 in children Respiration Respiration –12 in adults –20-25 in children Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Temperature Temperature Skin Color Skin Color

11. Blood Pressure Blood Pressure –Systolic over diastolic –120/80 Temperature Temperature –98.6 Skin Color Skin Color Pupils Pupils –shock, heatstroke, hemorrhage –stimulants

12. Musculoskeletal System Bones Bones –Shape, support, protect Joints Joints –When 2 bones meet Ligaments Ligaments –Bone to bone Tendon Tendon –Muscle to bone Cartilage Cartilage –Absorb force and reduce friction in a joint Muscles Muscles –Shorten to cause movement Bursa Bursa –Small, fluid filled sacs for reduce friction

13. Other Systems Neurological Neurological –Body’s control center Digestive Digestive –Energy Supply Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Respiratory and Circulatory Systems –Oxygenated blood Urinary System Urinary System –Remove waste from blood.

14. Acute and Chronic Injuries Acute injury - “injury characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event” Acute injury - “injury characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event” Acute injuries typically involve trauma followed by pain, swelling and loss of function. Acute injuries typically involve trauma followed by pain, swelling and loss of function. Critical force -- “magnitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged” Critical force -- “magnitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged”

15. Acute and Chronic Injuries Chronic injury - “injury characterized by a slow, insidious onset, implying a gradual development of structural damage” Chronic injury - “injury characterized by a slow, insidious onset, implying a gradual development of structural damage” Chronic injuries develop over time and are often associated with repetitive, cyclic activities, such as running. Chronic injuries develop over time and are often associated with repetitive, cyclic activities, such as running. These injuries are commonly called “overuse injuries.” Common sites include the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon and the rotator cuff. These injuries are commonly called “overuse injuries.” Common sites include the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon and the rotator cuff.

16. Types of Open Wounds

18. Care for Open Wound 1. Stop Bleeding 1. Stop Bleeding –Direct Pressure with gauze (if available) –Stack gauze, do not remove it. –Pressure points in severe cases (arteries) Clean with soap and water, irrigate with water, 5 min if possible Clean with soap and water, irrigate with water, 5 min if possible Ointment (neosporin, triple antibiotic, etc.) Ointment (neosporin, triple antibiotic, etc.) Cover with band aide or other non stick product. Cover with band aide or other non stick product. Stitches? Stitches? –½ inch long or skin does not naturally come together.

19. Diabetes Type 1 Formerly called "juvenile diabetes" or "insulin-dependent diabetes," Formerly called "juvenile diabetes" or "insulin-dependent diabetes," –70 percent of diagnoses occur before a person reaches the age of 30. Can be diagnosed at any age. Can be diagnosed at any age. –Only 5 percent to 10 percent of those diagnosed with diabetes have this type. With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin. With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Type 2 Previously called "adult onset diabetes.“ Previously called "adult onset diabetes.“ –type 2 diabetes has been reported among U.S. children and adolescents Ninety percent of those with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Ninety percent of those with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. –Approximately 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. Your body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar level. Your body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar level.

20. Diabetes What do you do? Low Blood sugar? Low Blood sugar? –What can you give them? –Will this be useful in your kits?

21. Saving a Knocked-Out Tooth Saving a Knocked-Out Tooth Pick up tooth by the crown (the chewing surface) not the root. Pick up tooth by the crown (the chewing surface) not the root. Keep tooth moist at all times. Keep tooth moist at all times. –The tooth must not be left outside the mouth to dry. If it cannot be replaced in the socket, put it in one of the following: –The tooth must not be left outside the mouth to dry. If it cannot be replaced in the socket, put it in one of the following: –Emergency tooth preservation kit –Milk –Mouth (next to cheek) –Mouth (next to cheek) Regular tap water is not recommended for long-term storage because the root surface cells do not tolerate water for long periods of time. Regular tap water is not recommended for long-term storage because the root surface cells do not tolerate water for long periods of time. See an endodontist or the nearest available dentist within 30 minutes. See an endodontist or the nearest available dentist within 30 minutes. endodontist

22. Severe Allergies Allergy symptoms depend on your particular allergy Allergy symptoms depend on your particular allergy They involve the airways, sinuses and nasal passages, skin, and digestive system. They involve the airways, sinuses and nasal passages, skin, and digestive system. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe. –In some severe cases, allergies can trigger a life-threatening reaction in your body known as anaphylaxis. Epi-Pen Epi-Pen

23. Burns 1st-degree burn 1st-degree burn –The least serious burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned, but not all the way through. –The skin is usually red –Often there is swelling –Pain sometimes is present 2nd-degree burn 2nd-degree burn –When the first layer and second layer of skin has been burned –Blisters develop –Skin takes on an intensely reddened, splotchy appearance –There is severe pain and swelling. Cool the burn. Cool the burn. –Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for 10 or 15 minutes or until the pain subsides –Don't put ice on the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. –Bandaging keeps air off the burn, reduces pain and protects blistered skin. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. –These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).

24. Bloody Nose To stop a nosebleed To stop a nosebleed –Remain calm. Sit up straight. Sit up straight. Lean your head forward. Tilting your head back will only cause you to swallow the blood. Lean your head forward. Tilting your head back will only cause you to swallow the blood. Pinch the nostrils together with your thumb and index finger. Pinch the nostrils together with your thumb and index finger. Spit out any blood in your mouth. Swallowing it may make you vomit. Spit out any blood in your mouth. Swallowing it may make you vomit.

25. Shock Shock Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes. Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes. –The skin is cool and clammy. It may appear pale or gray. –The pulse is weak and rapid. –The person may be nauseated. –The eyes lack luster and may seem to stare. –The person may be conscious or unconscious Treatment Call 911 Call 911 Have the person lie down and elevate the victims feet. Have the person lie down and elevate the victims feet. Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement) Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement) Keep the person warm and comfortable Keep the person warm and comfortable Turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking if the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth. Turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking if the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth.

26. Stroke & Heart Attack Heart Attack Symptoms include: Symptoms include: –Pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest or arms that may spread to your neck, jaw or back) –Shortness of breath –Sweating or a cold sweat –Feelings of anxiety or an impending sense of doom Call 911 Call 911 Begin CPR Begin CPRStroke Symptoms include: Symptoms include: –Trouble with walking. –Trouble with speaking and understanding.. –Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. One or both sides Ask the victim to smile Call 911 IMMEDIATELY Call 911 IMMEDIATELY –The longer you wait the more brain damage

27. Supplies for your First Aid Kit Ace bandage Adhesive tape Alcohol wipe Anti-bacterial hand gel Antibiotic ointment or cream Antiseptic wipes Tongue depressor Band-Aids (approximately 10 of them) Nose plugs Cotton balls Cotton swabs Gauze Pads Hydrocortisone cream (anti-itch) Ice bag Hydrogen peroxide Eye drops Fingernail clippers Scissors Tweezers Vinyl gloves First Aid Kit