1. Political Science BALLB Ist sem UNIT - 1

2. Definition of Political Science
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior.
Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems, political behavior, and political culture. Political scientists "see themselves engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions, and from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles about the way the world of politics works

3. Nature of Political Science
Political Science is a science
Political Science is not a science

4. Scope of Political Science
Political Science emerged as a science of the city state. Political thinker expressed opinions described values and formulated principles on political science such as liberalism, idealism etc.

5. Relevance to Law Study of State Study of Men Study of Government
Study of Political Ideas
Study of Political Concepts
Study of Constitution
Study of International Relations

6. Definition of State
A nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government

7. Population Territory Government Sovereignty
Elements of State
Population
Territory
Government
Sovereignty

8. Theories of Origin of State
Devine Theory
Natural Theory
Force Theory
Historical / Evolutionary Theory
Social Contract Theory
Marxist Theory

9. Functions of State Idealistic Theory of State Organic Theory of State
Anarchist Theory of State
Individualist Theory of State
Positive Liberal Theory of State
Marxist Theory of State
Functional Theory of State

10. UNIT - 2

11. Definition of Liberalism
Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty (which is especially stressed in classical liberalism) and equality (which is more evident in social liberalism).

12. Definition of Socialism
A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

13. Gandhism
Gandhism is a body of ideas and principles that describes the inspiration, vision and the life work of Mahatma Gandhi. It is particularly associated with his contributions to the idea of nonviolent resistance, sometimes also called civil resistance

14. Definition of Sovereignty
In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominant Westphalian model of state foundation

15. Legal Sovereignty Political Sovereignty
Kinds of Sovereignty
Legal Sovereignty
Political Sovereignty

16. UNIT - 3

17. Definition of Power
In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or control the behavior of people. The term authority is often used for power perceived as legitimate by the social structure

18. Kinds of Power Private Power Public Power Economic Power
Political Power
Ideological Power

19. Definition of Authority
The word Authority is used in the name of an organization, this name usually refers to the governing body upon which such authority is vested

20. Kinds of Authority Charismatic Authority Traditional Authority
Rational Legal Authority
Political Authority

21. Definition of Legitimacy
In political science, legitimacy is the popular acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a régime

22. Definition of Liberty
Liberty consists of the social and political freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

23. Kinds of Liberty Natural Liberty Moral Liberty Civil Liberty
Political Liberty
Economic Liberty
Social Liberty
Cultural Liberty
National Liberty
International Liberty

24. UNIT - 4

25. Definition of Democracy
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

26. Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy
Types of Democracy
Direct Democracy
Indirect Democracy

27. Definition of Dictatorship
Dictatorship is a form of government where political authority is monopolized by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various mechanisms to ensure the entity's power remains strong

28. Definition of Military Rule
Full Definition of MILITARY GOVERNMENT. : the government established by a military commander in conquered territory to administer the military law declared by him under military authority applicable to all persons in the conquered territory and superseding any incompatible local law — compare military law

29. Unitary Government
A unitary system of government, or unitary state, is a sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme, and the administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government has delegated to them

30. Characteristics of Unitary Government
A Strong Centre
Single Citizenship
Single Constitution for Union and States
Centre Can Change Name and Boundaries of States
Single Unified Judiciary
Unitary in Emergencies
Common All-India Services
Inequality of Representation in the Council of States
Appointment of Governor by President
Appointment of the High Court Judges by the President

31. Federal Government
The structure of federal governments vary. Based on a broad definition of a basic federalism, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and govern through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution

32. Characteristics of Federal Government
Supremacy of constitution
Written and Rigid constitution
Two types of Government
Division of Powers
Independent Judiciary
Dual Citizenship

33. Parliamentary Form of Government
Legislature is Supreme governing body in the system

34. Presidential Form of Government
Executive is neither elected by, nor responsible to Parliament

35. UNIT - 5

36. Legislature Executive Judiciary
Organs of Government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary

37. Doctrine of Separation of Power

38. Concept of Representation
Modern democracy is indirect democracy of representative democracy. Voters elect representative to perform the function of legislature on their behalf

39. Public Opinion
This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed

40. Public Participation
Public participation is the process by which an organization consults with interested or affected individuals, organizations, and government entities before making a decision. Public participation is two-way communication and collaborative problem solving with the goal of achieving better and more acceptable decisions