2. Counter Circuits and Applications Group 6 彭柏源 袁鋒 陳康本

3. Overview Analysis of Sequential Circuits. Ripple Counters. Design of Divide-by-N Counters. Ripple Counter ICs. Applications. System Design Applications. Seven-Segment LED Display Decoders. Synchronous Counters. Synchronous Up/Down-Counter ICs. Applications.

4. Analysis of Sequential Circuits Using Timing Diagrams to analyze.

5. Ripple Counters J-K flip-flops are in the toggle mode. Output Q is cascaded to the next clock input.

6. Ripple Counters(cont ’ d) Ideal Timing Diagram.

7. Ripple Counters(cont ’ d) Ripple: the input clock trigger isn ’ t connected to each flip-flop directly but propagate thru all the flip-flops. Non-ideal Timing Diagram:

8. Ripple Counters(cont ’ d) Down counter:

9. Design of Divide-by-N Counters An example of MOD-5 counter.

10. Design of Divide-by-N Counters (cont ’ d) Glitch effect: NAND propagation time 15ns & Flip-flop Reseting time 30ns (For 74LS76 and 7400).

11. Design of Divide-by-N Counters (cont ’ d) MOD-5 counter which counts in the sequence 6-7-8-9-10-6-7-8-9-10-,etc.

12. Ripple Counter ICs - 7493 7493: a divide-by-2 and a divide-by-8 MR1,MR2 can be utilized to do MOD-N.

13. Ripple Counter ICs – 7493 (cont ’ d) External connection as a MOD-16 counter.

14. Ripple Counter ICs – 7493 (cont ’ d) External connection as a MOD-12 counter.

15. Ripple Counter ICs – 7490 7490: a divide-by-2 and a divide-by-5. 0 0 01 0 00 1 01 1 00 0 10 0 0

16. Ripple Counter ICs - 7492 7492: a divide-by-2 and a divide-by-6. 0 0 0 1 0 00 1 00 0 11 0 10 1 10 0 0

17. System Design Application – A 3-digit decimal counter (000 – 999) When the count changes from (1001) to (0000), the 2 3 output line goes from HIGH to LOW and trigger the next counter.

18. Seven-Segment LED Display Decoders 7447: the most popular common-anode decoder. It has a lamp test (LT) input for testing all segments, and it also has ripple blanking input and output (RBI,RBO).

20. Synchronous Counters Synchronous counters eliminate the propagation delay problem because all the clock inputs (c p ) are tied to a common clock.

21. Synchronous Counters(cont ’ d) A MOD-6 synchronous binary up-counter.

22. Synchronous Up/Down- Counter ICs MR(Master Reset): an active-HIGH Reset for resetting the Q outputs to zero. PL(Parallel Load) & D 0 ~D 3 : place any binary value on D 0 ~D 3, and drive the PL line LOW. Two separate clock inputs: C pU for counting up and C pD for counting down. One clock must be held HIGH while counting with the other. When TC U (normally HIGH) becomes LOW, it is used to indicate that the maximum count is reached and the count is about to recycle to zero(carry condition). It can be used as the next stage of a multistage counter. When TC D (normally HIGH) becomes LOW, it is used to indicate that the minimum count is reached and the count is about to recycle to the maximum(borrow condition). It can be used as the next stage of a multistage counter.

23. Applications of Synchronous Counter ICs A divide-by-200 using synchronous counters. Borrow Condition Parallel Load Value 200