2. Chemistry and Manipulating Numerical Data

3. Measurements Numbers  science is based on measurements  all measurements have: - magnitude - uncertainty - units  mathematics is based on numbers  exact numbers are obtained by: - counting - definition

4. Graphs

5. Bar Graph shows how many of something are in each category

6. Unit 1 Test – Honor’s Chemistry Introduction to Chemistry 50 45403530 2 nd Hour 5 th Hour 6 th Hour 8 th Hour 1 st Hour 27 A’s 55 B’s 35 C’s 5 D’s This is also about what the quarter grades will look like. September 14, 2007 Avg: 40.9 + 4.0 83.8 + 8.0 %

7. Pie Graph shows how a whole is broken into parts Percentage of Weekly Income

8. Line Graph shows continuous change Stock Price over Time

9. Elements of a “good” line graph axes labeled, with units use the available space title neat

10. How to read a graph Interpolate - read between data points What volume would the gas occupy at a temperature of 150 K? Extrapolate - read data beyond data points What volume would the gas occupy at a temperature of 260 K? Which do you have more confidence in? Why? (independent variable) (dependent variable) 7 L ~4 L

11. Graphs Line Graph –Used to show trends or continuous change Bar Graph –Used to display information collected by counting Pie Graph –Used to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts

12. Line Graph Mass (g) Age (Year of Penny) Mass (g) Age (Year of Penny) Mass (g) Age (Year of Penny) Mass (g) Age (Year of Penny) How does the mass of a penny change with age? A B C D

13. Bar Graph Number of Students Chemistry Grades Descriptive title Legend Axis labeled (with units)

14. Pie Graph

15. Pie Graphs

16. Graphing Keys Graphing http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/intro.html

17. Reviewing Concepts Presenting Scientific Data How do scientists organize data? How can scientists communicate experimental results? What does a given point represent on a line graph? The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm 3. If you plotted the volume in cubic centimeters, what would the slope of the line be?