1. www.plos.org “Re-engineering the scholarly journal” Mark Patterson, Director of Publishing Arcadia Seminar, Cambridge: Nov, 2010 Committed to making the world’s scientific and medical literature a public resource

2. www.plos.org The functions of journals Registration –Who’s done what and when? Certification –Is the work sound? Dissemination –The right information to the people who need it Preservation –Archiving for future generations Roosendaal and Geurts

3. www.flickr.com/photos/sewpixie/2374778051/ Journals are a giant sorting mechanism Organization

4. www.plos.org Re-engineering Dissemination –Open access Organization of content –Impact and audience Authoring and certification –Eliminating all unnecessary delays

5. www.plos.org Re-engineering dissemination Open Access

6. www.plos.org Open access ≠ Free access

7. www.plos.org What is open access? Free, immediate access Unrestricted reuse Deposition in a digital public archive Bethesda definition, 2003

8. www.plos.org Creative Commons Attribution License Copyright: © 2004 Moorthy et al. This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Goal: make clear to humans (and machines) what can be done www.creativecommons.org

9. www.plos.org No permission required for any reuse Translation Redistribution Photocopying Coursepacks Reproduction of figures Deposit in databases Downloading data Text mining

10. What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

11. What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

12. What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

13. What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

14. www.plos.org A network of literature Document

15. www.plos.org A network of literature and data Document Database

16. www.plos.org www.flickr.com/photos/chris_short/79656776/ Silos of information

17. www.plos.org www.flickr.com/photos/chris_short/79656776/ Open access Free, immediate access Unrestricted reuse http://www.flickr.com/photos/photos_clinker/295038831

18. www.plos.org PLoS Founding Board of Directors Harold Varmus PLoS Co-founder and Chairman of the Board President and CEO of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Patrick O. Brown PLoS Co-founder and Board Member Howard Hughes Medical Institute & Stanford University School of Medicine Michael B. Eisen PLoS Co-founder and Board Member Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory & University of California at Berkeley

19. www.plos.org Establish high quality journals –put PLoS and open access on the map Build a more extensive OA publishing operation –an open access home for every paper –publication fee business model –achieve sustainability Make the literature more useful –to scientists and the public PLoS publishing strategy

20. www.plos.org € Publisher Reader Pay-per-viewSubscription Library Subscription journals Gov Funders Institutions Industry € €€ Researcher €

21. www.plos.org Open access journals Publishing is the final step in a research project Public Digital Library Gov Funders Institutions Industry € Publisher Reader Researcher €

22. www.plos.org PLoS Biology October, 2003 PLoS Medicine October, 2004 PLoS Community Journals June-September, 2005 October, 2007 PLoS ONE December, 2006

23. www.plos.org Growth in submissions and publications

24. www.plos.org Financial growth % Operating expense covered by operating revenue

25. www.oaspa.org

26. www.plos.org Re-engineering organization of content

27. The life cycle of a research article Journal name is key Publication Research Submission Peer review Rejects 2-3 Experts Is it rigorous? Good enough? Right audience? Takes months/years

28. www.plos.org What do we need to do before research is published? What is best left until after publication?

29. www.plos.org

30. Editorial criteria –Scientifically rigorous –Ethical –Properly reported –Conclusions supported by the data Editors and reviewers do not ask –How important is the work? –Which is the relevant audience? Use online tools to sort and filter scholarly content after publication, not before PLoS ONE’s Key Innovation – The editorial process

31. www.plos.org YearSubmissionsPublications% of annual PubMed 2006* 4731380.02% 2007 249712310.16% 2008 440127230.34% 2009 681944040.52% 2010** 105265265Y/E 0.8%? *Started publishing Dec 20 th, 2006 **Up to Oct 31 st Community acceptance –largest peer-reviewed journal –>50,000 authors –>1300 Academic Editors PLoS ONE – statistics

32. www.plos.org

33. What do we need to do before research is published? What is best left until after publication?

34. www.plos.org Who cares about measuring research impact? Institutions Researchers (authors and readers) Publishers Funders The public Librarians

35. www.plos.org How do we measure ‘impact’? The impact factor of the journal in which an article is published. Recommended reading: Adler, R., Ewing, J. Taylor, P. Citation statistics. A report from the International Mathematical Union. http://www.mathunion.org/publications/report/citationstatistics/

36. www.plos.org How could we measure ‘impact’? Citations Web usage Expert Ratings Social bookmarking Community rating Media/blog coverage Commenting activity and more… Current technology now makes it possible to add these metrics automatically At the ARTICLE LEVEL, we could track:

37. (http://tiny.cc/ALM1)

41. CrossRef Landing Page

42. www.plos.org

45. CiteULike Landing Page

46. www.plos.org

48. Downloading the data http://www.plosone.org/static/plos-alm.zip

50. Evaluating the (usage) data

52. www.plos.org “The Dirty War Index (DWI) method has been adapted for use in NATO military environments to monitor civilian, woman and child casualties. This version of the DWI is called a ‘Civilian Battle Damage Assessment Ratio’ (CBDAR). Since October 2009, the CBDAR methodology has been used by NATO forces in Southern Afghanistan in order to reduce the possibility of injuring Afghan civilians. The methodology has identified a number of military activities that historically lead to civilian mortality that has led to NATO changing procedures.”

53. www.plos.org Next steps for article-level metrics More data sources –F1000, Mendeley, media coverage, tweets Impact that is hard to measure Expert analysis and tools Broader adoption –By publishers –By tenure committees, funders etc Develop and adhere to standards

55. The goals of PLoS Hubs Aggregate open access content –Wherever it is published Add value to content by connecting with data Build communities around content Demonstrate the power of open access

58. ITIS Flickr Wikipedia NCBI GBIF

59. Next steps for PLoS Hubs Enhance and automate content enrichment Develop Hubs community –allow users to ‘follow’ a curator Extend literature sources beyond PMC –ideally to non-OA content Extend Hubs concept to other disciplines Make Hubs easy to replicate

60. www.plos.org Re-engineering authoring and certification

61. www.plos.org New models of scholarly communication 1 year 100 days 1 day ConventionalPLoS ONEPLoS Currents Publication

62. www.plos.org An innovative forum for the rapid exchange of results and ideas Registration –Articles are date-stamped and citable Certification –Reviewed by expert researchers Dissemination –All content is open access Preservation –Archived at PubMed Central PLoS Currents: Key features

63. www.plos.org Seeking Lessons in Swine Flu Fight “Another problem is communication. Officials and experts say they have learned a lot about human swine influenza. But relatively little of that information...has been reported and published. Some experts said researchers were waiting to publish in journals, which can take months or longer.” New York Times, August 10 th, 2009 Lawrence K. Altman, M.D. PLoS Currents – Inspiration

64. www.plos.org Google Knol: Author(s) assemble content and control access and editing. Authors submit content to PLoS Currents. PLoS Currents: Expert reviewers control posting of content, commenting and version control. PubMed Central: Immediate transfer from PLoS Currents site; stable identifier and permanent archiving. PLoS Currents – Workflow

65. www.plos.org

68. Prescreen by Editors Submission sent to Board of Reviewers. Does the work contain any obvious methodological, ethical or legal problems?

69. www.plos.org From submission to publication in a few days

70. www.plos.org

76. PLoS Currents Very fast Cost-effective Reviewed by experts Citable Version control Archived at PubMed Central Included in PubMed Flexible and easy to replicate

77. www.plos.org PLoS Currents – New sections Launched on Sept 2 nd –PLoS Currents: Huntington Disease (produced with support from CHDI Foundation) –PLoS Currents: Evidence on Genomic Tests (in collaboration with the CDC) To be launched in a few weeks –PLoS Currents: Tree of Life (phylogenetic analyses)

78. The life cycle of a research article Journal name is key Publication Research Submission Peer review Rejects 2-3 Experts Is it rigorous? Good enough? Right audience? Takes months/years

79. New models of scholarly communication Focus on the article Publication Research Submission Peer review Rejects 2-3 Experts Is it rigorous? Good enough? Right audience? Takes weeks/months Enhanced article Article-level metrics Integrated with data Organization in Hubs PLoS Currents

80. www.plos.org The landscape is changing www.flickr.com/photos/keepitsurreal/1884615328/