1. LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

2. READINGS Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-10 Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) CR #2: Peeler, “Social Justice and the New Indigenous Politics”

3. OUTLINE Social Equity –Workers –Women –Indigenous Peoples Illiberal Democracy –Press Freedom –Citizen Rights

4. Table 9-1. Employment and Wages in Latin America, 1980-1999 1980 1990 1995 1999 Unemployment (%) 6.7 8.0 7.2 8.8 Real Wages (1980=100) 100.0 86.6 92.4 102.9 Real Minimum Wage (1980 = 100) 100.0 68.4 70.8 73.8

5. Table 9-2. Women in Latin American Legislatures, 1990 and 2000 ______Women (as % total)*_____ Country__________1990______2000___ Argentina 5 27 Bolivia 9 12 Brazil 5 6 Chile 6 11 Colombia 9 12 Costa Rica 12 19 Dominican Republic 12 16 Ecuador 7 15 El Salvador -- 10 Guatemala 7 9 Honduras -- 9 Mexico 12 16 Nicaragua 19 10 Panama 8 10 Paraguay 4 3 Peru 6 20 Uruguay 6 12 Venezuela 10 10

6. Indigenous Peoples Bolivia: Party Politics Ecuador: Social Movements Guatemala: Political Redemption? Peru: Silence and Sendero Luminoso Mexico: Zapatista Uprising

7. The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004

8. Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999 Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru12 Mexico10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.

9. Table 10-2. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____AutocracySemi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47 Totals 231 100

10. THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: Free and Fair Elections Citizen Rights Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights Connection to “Delegative Democracy” (see p. 13)

11. FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive FH scores of 3-4 = Partial FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”)

12. Table 1. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology Citizen RightsCharacter of Elections Free and FairFree not FairNone ExpansiveLiberal DemocracyLiberal/Permissive Semidemocracy (Null) LimitedIlliberal Democracy Illiberal/Restrictive Semidemocracy Moderate Dictablanda Minimal(Null)Repressive Semidemocracy Hard-Line Dictadura

13. Rights and Freedoms ExtensiveLiberal Democracy PartialTraditional Autocracy (Dictablanda) Illiberal Democracy MinimalHard-Line Autocracy (Dictadura) AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Elections Elections, Rights, and Political Regimes

14. Liberal and Illiberal Democracy, 1978-2004

16. 1980-1989 ________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39 Totals 75 35 80

17. 1990-2000 _________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38 Totals 7 55 147

19. Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type_____Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3<5 Illiberal Democracy 11 60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2

20. The End