1. TRANSPORT TELECOMMUNICATION AND TRADE

2. INFRASTRUCTURE It refers to the technical structures that support an economy such as roads, airports bridges, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunication etc. Different provinces have different economic growth so their infrastructure varies. There is a strong relationship between infrastructure facilities and economic growth.

3. NEED FOR INFRASTRUCTURE Industrial Growth and Economic Growth depends on Hard or Physical Infrastructure connectivity (Transport – air ways, roads, railways, sea routes) Energy (oil, gas pipelines, electric grids ) telecommunication (fiber optics) Soft infrastructure ( facilities, effective laws and procedures) Physical connectivity is essential for smooth flow of GOODS AND SERVICES

4. INFRASTRUCTION OF PAKISTAN Roads - HIGHWAYS n MOTORWAYS Railways Air ways Sea routes

5. ROADS Major Highways and Motorways are owned and maintained by NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY –NHA NHA maintains the roads but still many rural areas which are our agricultural areas need to be linked with major highways

6. MAJOR HIGHWAYS AND MOTOR WAYS OF PAKISTAN

7. Grand Trunk Road

8. INDUS HIGHWAY The Indus Highway, also known by its technical designation N-55, is a 1,264 km long four-lane highway that runs along the Indus River in Pakistan connecting the port city of Karachi with the northwestern city of Peshawar via D.G.Khan

9. KARAKORAM HIGHWAY

11. MAKRAN COASTAL HIGHWAY Makran Coastal Highway is a 653 km-long coastal highway alongPakistan's Arabian Sea coastline. It is a part of Pakistan's National Highways network. It runs primarily through Balochistan province between Karachi and Gwadar, passing near the port towns ofOrmara and Pasni.PakistanArabian SeaNational HighwaysBalochistanKarachiGwadarOrmaraPasni

12. Islamabad – Lahore motor way KARCHI –HYDERABAD-LAHORE MOTORWAY is underconstruction

13. RAILWAYS Owned and maintained by PAKISTAN RAILWAY – PR Railways are known as LIFELINE OF THE COUNTRY Railways are the mixture of gauges, broad gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge lines But, in recent times narrow and meter gauge have been replaced by BROAD GUAGE

14. PAKISTAN RAILWAY TRAINS

15. RAILWAY NETWORK MAP

16. Gauge lines The word ‘gauge’ of a track in Railway terminology means the distance between two parallel rails. The network of Pakistan Railway has three gauges viz., Broad Gauge (5′ 6″ wide), Narrow Gauge (2′ 6″ wide) and Meter Gauge (3′ 3 3/8″ or 1000mm wide). 5 ft 6 in/ ​ 1,676 mm gauge is a broad track gauge commonly used inIndia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina and Chilebroad track gaugeIndiaPakistanBangladeshSri LankaArgentinaChile

17. Problems Railway stations condition is not good Equipments are not good Delays in service Rails, sleepers, locomotives, steam and electric locomotives are too old and out-dated. Less increase in the railway track Railway is losing both: passengers and goods transport Due to shortage of locomotives and feul, many trains have been stopped In 2012, 115 railway services have been cancelled.

18. MAJOR RAILWAY LINES Karachi-Peshawar Main Line via Rohri, Khanewal, Lahore andRawalpindi KarachiPeshawarRohriKhanewalLahoreRawalpindi Rohri-Quetta RohriQuetta Khanewal-Faisalabad KhanewalFaisalabad Lahore-Faisalabad LahoreFaisalabad Lahore-Sialkot via Narowal LahoreSialkotNarowal

19. Air ways Also know as NATIONAL FLAG CARRIERS PIA was the only national air line operated in PAKISTAN From 1990s private airlines started operations. Expensive means of Transport but effective.

20. P.I.A

21. Private Airlines AIR BLUE SHAHEEN BHOJA AIR (non-operating)

22. MAJOR AIRPORTS Jinnah International Airport - khi Allama Iqbal International Airport- Lahore Benazir International Airport – Rawal pindi Bacha Khan international Airport – Peshawar Quetta International Airport - Quetta

23. Airports

24. Sea Routes Helps to transport BULKY GOODS Owned and maintained by PAKISTAN NATIONAL SHIPPING COOPERATION Many wharves– wharfs are landing stage where ships are moored while loading and unloading KEEMARI AND KARACHI PORT are linked internationally.

25. SEAPORTS OF PAKISTAN Keamari sea port “Karachi sea port” Port Qasim – Karachi Gwadar – Makran Coast

26. KARACHI PORT WHARF: A place where ships load and unload goods

28. GWADAR PORT

29. PROJECT Presentation Style: BookletDue date: 3 RD APRIL 2015 Details: Search for the following topics and compile the information using pictures What is infrastructure? Importance of infrastructure Trade infrastructure facilities in Pakistan  Roads – Major Highways and Motorways  Railways – Major Railway lines  Air Ways – Major Airlines and Airports  Sea Routes – Major Sea ports Do you think the government is bringing improvement in trade infrastructure in Pakistan? Give evidence to support your answer. Marking criteria Content -----5 marks Presentation ----3 marks Timely submission ----2 marks