1. Health care Compared: U.S., U.K. and Canada Presented by: Haydyn Hedgspeth

2. Topics to be discussed ► Development of health care in the U.S., U.K., and Canada. ► Problems within each of these three countries. ► Reforms that have made their HCS what they are today. ► The comparison of the three countries.

3. U.S. health care U.S. health care ► Cost, Access, Quality. ► Relatively new system. ► Formation of the modern health insurance plan. ► Expansion of government programs in the 1950s-60s. ► Health care reforms during the 1990s.

4. U.S. health care ► Public v. Private insurance. ► Health care Payments. ► Role of Government. ► Inefficiencies v. Inequities.  Administrative costs ► Problems with the system. ► What’s next?

5. U.K. health care ► Development of the National Health Service. ► NHS Act of 1946. ► Funding for the NHS.  public and private health care  PCT’s ► Access and charges.

6. U.K. health care U.K. health care ► Reforms under the Thatcher government and the Blair government. ► Criticisms ► Waiting lists, coverage, public opinion

7. Canadian health care ► Brief History ► Recent Developments ► 5 founding principles with 10 systems  development of Medicare ► Funding  federal governments role

8. Canadian health care ► Rationing ► Private v. Public  Changing role of private sector ► Future reforms

9. Canadian v American HCS ► Per capita spending ► Government involvement  Public v. Private ► Technology ► Health care outcomes  Cancer statistics

10. Cancer in Females Cancer Canadian mortality rate Canadian incidence rate American mortality rate American incidence rate Intestinal17.142.216.144.3 Stomach3.54.834.9 Lung35.444.941.956.6 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma5.513.65.915.8 All Cancers148.2346.6160.5403.6

11. Cancer in Males Cancer Canadian mortality rate Canadian incidence rate American mortality rate American incidence rate Intestinal26.860.92360.4 Stomach7.411.55.710 Lung62.770.971.986.8 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma8.518.99.322.2 All Cancers215.1455.5234.1541.8

12. Canadian v American HCS (cont) ► Monopsony  Government issues ► Consumer driven health care  HSA’s, HDHP ► Possible shift??

13. U.K. v U.S. HCS ► HCS historical perspectives ► Health care access considerations ► Quality of health care ► Health care costs

14. Conclusion ► The development ► Problems and Crisis ► Reforms ► Comparison

15. References ► Anderson, G.F. (1998). Multinational Comparisons of HC ► Dickman, P.W., Interpreting trends in cancer patient survival ► Gladwell, Malcolm. The Moral Hazard Myth ► Kraus, Clifford. As Canada’s Slow- motion Public Health System Falters ► OCED Health Data ► Stuart, P. Britain: Opposition grows to labor’s plans to sell of NHS. ► World Heath Organization: Core Health Indicators