1. Seerah
Session 11

2. Life in Madinah

3. The Madinese phase can be divided into three stages
Too much trouble, conflict and obstacles from within, coupled by a hostile wave from outside. It ended with Al hudaibiyah peace treaty in 6 A.H.
Truce with the pagan leadership, which ended in the conquest of Makkah in 8 A.H
People came to embrace Islam in groups. It ended at the death of the Prophet in 11 A.H

4. The Status Quo in Madinah
At the time of Emigration

5. Aims and objectives of Emigration
To escape from the oppression by the hands of Makkans.
To erect the pillars of a new society in a secure place.

6. Prophet had to deal with three categories of people in Madinah
His companions, the noble and Allah-fearing elite.
The Madinese tribes who were polytheists that did not yet believe.
The Jews.

7. A New society being built
A new calendar made

8. Madinah Building the prophetic mosque.
The brotherhood between muslims.
A Charter of Islamic Alliance
Enjoining the individual role in the society
A treaty with the Jews

9. The Bloody Struggle
The attempts of the Quraish to provoke the Muslims and their contact with Abdullah bin Ubai

10. The Quraishites, mortified at the escape of the Prophet along with his devoted companions, and jealous of his growing power in Madinah, kept a strict watch over the Muslims left behind and persecuted them in every possible way.
They also initiated secret contacts with ‘Abdullah bin Uabi bin chief of Madinese polytheists, (greatest hypocrite).

11. Provocative actions continued and Quraish sent the Muslims a note threatening to put them to death in their own homeland. Those were not mere words, for the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) received information from reliable sources attesting to real intrigues and plots being hatched by the enemies of Islam.

12. Permission to Fight
"Permission to fight is given to those (i.e. believers against those disbelievers), who are fighting them, (and) because they (believers) have been wronged, and surely Allâh is Able to give them (believers) victory." [Al-Qur'an Al-Hajj:39]

13. Islamic Concept of Jihad
Objective of Jihad:
It must safeguard the Islamic state and Muslim Society. Its main purpose is the preservation of the ideology on which the system of truth is based.
Its aim is to remove all obstacles in the way of Social evolution and human welfare.

14. The Battle of Badr 17 Ramadan 2AH
The First Decisive Battle in the History of Islam

15. Reason of the Battle
When a caravan belonging to Quraish returning from Syria approached Madinah, on the way back to Makkah, the Prophet dispatched two men northward to scout around to keep an eye.
The two scouts stayed at Al-Hawra’ for some days until Abu Sufyan, the leader of the caravan, passed by them. The two men hurried back to Madinah and reported to the Prophet their findings..

16. Reason of the Battle
Great wealth amounting to 50 thousand gold Dinars guarded by 40 men moving relatively close to Madinah constituted a tempting target for the Muslim military, and provided a potentially heavy economic, political and military strike that was bound to shake the entire structure of the Makkan polytheists.

17. Reason of the Battle
The Prophet immediately exhorted the Muslims to rush out and ambush the caravan to make up for their property and wealth they were forced to give up in Makkah..

18. The size and strength of Muslim army
The Muslim army was made up of men, Emigrants, 61 from Aws and 170 from Khazraj. They had only two horses, 70 camels, one for two or three men to ride alternatively. The Messenger of Allaah himself, ‘shared one camel with two other men. 

19. Warning Makkah
Abu Sufyan, the leader of the makkan caravan on the other hand, was on the utmost alert. His scouting men submitted to him reports to the effect that the Muslims were lying in ambush for his caravan. To be on the safe side, he hired a fast messenger to communicate a message asking for help from the Quraishites..

20. Warning Makkah
Abu sufyan’s messenger rode fast and reached Makkah in frenzy and cried: "O Quraish! Your merchandise! It is with Abu Sufyan. The caravan is being intercepted by Muhammad and his companions. I cannot say what would have happened to them. Help! Help!"

21. Makkans hasten for battle
The effect of this cry was instantaneous and the news stunned Quraish and they immediately remembered their pride that was wounded at the hands of the Muslims. They therefore swiftly mustered almost all of their forces and a group of 1300 soldiers, including 100 horsemen and 600 soldiers in mail armour with a large number of camels, was ready to proceed to fight the Muslims.

22. The Two Armies Army of Believers Army of Non-Believers 300-317 Men
82-86 Muhaajiroon, 61 Aws & 170 Khazraj
Only 2 Horses
70 Camels (1/2-3 Men, even Rasoolullah)
Gen. Leadership/White Standard given to Mus’ab ibn ‘Umair
Army divided into two battalions, Muhaajirs with a standard raised by ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Ansar with the standard raised by Sa’d ibn Mu’adh
Army of Non-Believers
1300 Soldiers
100 horsemen
600 mailed armour soldiers with a large number of camels
Banu Zahrah break away from Kuffar Army. Army reduced to 1000 soldiers
Slaughtered 9-10 camels/day to feed

23. On account of the new grave developments, the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) held an advisory military emergency meeting to review the ongoing situation and exchange viewpoints with the army leaders.

24. Prophet (pbuh)apprised his men of the gravity of the situation and asked for their advice. 
They all (mahajir and ansaar) agreed to listen, obey and fight till their last breath.

25. Muslim Army Marched Ahead
The Muslim army camped at the farther bank of the valley. Prophet (pbuh) stopped at the nearest spring of Badr. 

26. N To Madinah The Muslim army reaches Badr
Camps at the “Near bank” close to Madinah
To Makkah 26

27. The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) spent the whole night, preceding the day of the battle, in prayer and supplication. The Muslim army, wearied with their long march, enjoyed sound and refreshing sleep, a mark of the Divine favour of the state of their undisturbed minds.

28. In the morning, the Prophet (pbuh) called his men to offer the prayers and then urged them to fight in the way of Allâh. As the sun rose over the desert, the Prophet drew up his little army, and pointing with an arrow which he held in his hand, arranged the ranks.

29. N To Madinah To Makkah The Prophet’s Command Post Infantry Archers
Spears
To Makkah 29

30. The Two Armies meet

31. When the two parties approached closer and were visible to each other, the Prophet began supplicating Allâh "O Allâh! The conceited and haughty Quraishites are already here defying You and belying Your Messenger. O Allâh! I am waiting for Your victory which You have promised me. I beseech You Allâh to defeat them (the enemies)."

32. The Dueling Begins

33. The battle had actually started
The battle had actually started. Protected by armour and shields, ‘Utbah bin Rabi‘a stepped forth between his brother Shaibah and his son Al-Waleed bin ‘Utbah from the lines of Quraish and cursed the Muslims.

34. Ubaidah bin Al-Harith, Hamzah — Prophet’s uncle, and his cousin ‘Ali [R] marched forward for the combat. The three duels were rapid. Hamzah killed Shaibah, while ‘Ali killed Al-Waleed. ‘Ubaidah was seriously wounded but, before he fell, Hamzah fell upon ‘Utbah and with a sweep of his sword, cut off his head. ‘Ali and Hamzah carried ‘Ubaidah back with his leg cut off.

35. N To Madinah To Makkah The Prophet’s Command Post Infantry Archers
Spears
Ali
Al-Walid
‘Ubaydah
‘Utbah
Hamza
Shaybah
To Makkah 35

36. Quraish attacked with full force
After losing the initial duel they were too much exasperated and enraged and fell upon the Muslims to exterminate them once and for all. 

37. N To Madinah Quraysh charged forcefully!! To Makkah The Prophet’s
Command Post
Infantry
Archers
Spears
Quraysh charged forcefully!!
To Makkah 37

38. Perfect War Strategy of the Prophet

39. To Madinah N
The Prophet’s
Command Post
Archers
To Makkah 39

40. To Madinah N
The Prophet’s
Command Post
Spears
To Makkah 40

41. To Madinah N
The Prophet’s
Command Post
Spears
To Makkah 41

42. To Madinah N
The Prophet’s
Command Post
Infantry
To Makkah 42

43. Result of The Battle of Badr
On the Believers Side
22 Sahaba martyred
The Prophet (pbuh) and believers stayed for 3 days in Badr
Buried the Martyrs
Buried the Killed Enemies
Gathered the Booty
On the Non-Believers Side
70 Killed
70 Captured as PoW
Leaders of Quraish Killed
Shaiba
Utba
Abu Jahal
Abu Bakhtari
Aas bin Hisham
Ummaiyah bin Kahalf etc…
Loss of more than 2.5Lakh Dirham

44. Lessons from Battle of Badr
Separating right from wrong
Separating Iman from Kufr
Separating passiveness from engaging in defending and spreading Islam
Separating true loyalty to Islam from tribe and family
Separating true sincere sacrifice for Allah from earthly gains
يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ
الأنفال 41
On the day when the true was distinguished from the false –
the day when the two groups met in battle