C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3.

Name: C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3.
Uploaded: 2017-08-23T02:02:11+00:00
Duration: PTM28S48
Channel: Regina Warren
Description: C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3.

C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)
Chapter 3

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Noun formation The definite article
Feminine nouns of the 1st declension Noun and adjective accents Accents of 1st declension nouns Prepositions Future active indicative of thematic verbs (2nd principal part)

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER masculine, feminine, neuter All nouns in this chapter are feminine NUMBER CASE

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER singular or plural CASE

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE – grammatical function Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE – grammatical function Nominative – subject Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE – grammatical function Nominative Genitive = “of” Dative Accusative Vocative

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE – grammatical function Nominative Genitive Dative – indirect object Accusative Vocative

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE – grammatical function Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative – direct object Vocative

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Three items to know and identify about every Greek noun: GENDER NUMBER CASE – grammatical function Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative – calling out to someone/something

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 parse/parsing FEMININE SINGULAR or PLURAL
NOMINATIVE, GENITIVE, DATIVE, ACCUSATIVE, or VOCATIVE

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Uses of Cases in Greek
Subject = person or thing who performs the action of the verb  nominative Direct object = first person or thing affected by the action of the verb  accusative Indirect object = second person or thing affected by the action of the verb  dative Genitive = more information about a noun, possession, “of” etc Vocative = used only for calling out to someone/something

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Uses of Cases in Greek: suppose someone blows up a water balloon Subject = person who blows up the balloon  nominative Direct object = the balloon  accusative Indirect object = anyone who gets wet when the balloon explodes  dative Genitive = whose balloon it is, whose children are involved, etc. Vocative = calling out to someone so they don’t get wet!

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Uses of Cases in Greek: suppose X gives a gift to Y Subject = X, as the person who does the giving,  nominative Direct object = the gift  accusative Indirect object = Y, who receives the gift,  dative Genitive = whose gift it is, etc. Vocative = calling out to someone

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 2. The definite article
Greek has a definite article which corresponds basically to the English word “the.”

The definite article must parse the same (be the same in gender, number, and case) as the noun it refers to. It is as if in English, when we say “the dog,” in the plural, we added “s” to both words: “thes dogs.”

Because all the nouns in this chapter are feminine, only the feminine forms of the article are given: singular Nom. ἡ Gen. τῆς Dat. τῇ Acc. τήν plural Nom. αἱ Gen. τῶν Dat. ταῖς Acc. τάς The vocative never uses a definite article, but ὦ regularly precedes a noun in the vocative.

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 3. Feminine nouns of the 1st declension
As with verbs, nouns in Greek have two parts: a stem which tells you the vocabulary meaning of the noun an ending which tells you the number and case (and sometimes a clue about gender).

Not all Greek nouns use the same endings. A group of nouns which use basically the same endings is called a declension. Greek has three declensions. This chapter presents nouns from the 1st declension.

All nouns in the 1st declension use exactly the same endings in the plural, which resemble the definite article. plural Nom. -αι Gen. -ῶν Dat. -αις Acc. -ας Voc. = Nom.

So a noun like τιμή (stem = τιμ) “honor” would appear: plural Nom. τιμαί Gen. τιμῶν Dat. τιμαῖς Acc. τιμάς Voc. = Nom.

A noun like χώρα (stem = χωρ) “country” appears thus: plural Nom. χῶραι Gen. χωρῶν Dat. χώραις Acc. χώρας Voc. = Nom.

A noun like θάλαττα (stem = θαλαττ) “sea” appears thus: plural Nom. θάλατται Gen. θαλαττῶν Dat. θαλάτταις Acc. θαλάττας Voc. = Nom.

A noun like γέφυρα (stem = γεφυρ) “bridge” appears thus: plural Nom. γέφυραι Gen. γεφυρῶν Dat. γεφύραις Acc. γεφύρας Voc. = Nom.

Remember these endings dictate the meaning and function of the noun: plural Nom. τιμαί = “honors” (subject) Gen. τιμῶν = “of honors” Dat. τιμαῖς = “honors” (indirect object) Acc. τιμάς = “honors” (direct object) Voc. τιμαί = “Honors!”

The endings of 1st declension nouns vary slightly in the singular. The most common type resembles the definite article: singular Nom. -η Gen. -ης Dat. -ῃ Acc. -ην Voc. = Nom.

The noun τιμή (stem = τιμ) “honor” appears as: singular Nom. τιμή Gen. τιμῆς Dat. τιμῇ Acc. τιμήν Voc. = Nom.

If the stem of the noun ends in ε, ι, or ρ, then a long α replaces the η: singular Nom. -α Gen. -ας Dat. -ᾳ Acc. -αν Voc. = Nom.

The noun χώρα (stem = χωρ) “country” appears as: singular Nom. χώρα Gen. χώρας Dat. χώρᾳ Acc. χώραν Voc. = Nom.

In some nouns, a short α replaces the η in the nominative, accusative (and vocative) only: singular Nom. -α Gen. -ης Dat. -ῃ Acc. -αν Voc. = Nom.

Thus θάλαττα “sea” and γέφυρα “bridge” appear as: singular Nom. θάλαττα γέφυρα Gen. θαλάττης γεφύρας Dat. θαλάττῃ γεφύρᾳ Acc. θάλατταν γέφυραν Voc. = Nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Looking up a Greek noun
In a vocabulary, glossary, lexicon, or dictionary, a Greek noun is listed by its (1) nominative singular, (2) genitive singular ending, and (3) the nominative singular article. τιμή, -ῆς, ἡ “honor” χώρα, -ας, ἡ “country” θάλαττα, -ης, ἡ “sea”

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 4. Noun and adjective accents
On nouns, the accent is “persistent” (the accent wants to persist on a particular syllable). Thus there are three basic patterns for accents on nouns, pronouns, and adjectives: persistent on the antepenult persistent on the penult persistent on the ultima

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 5. Accents of 1st declension nouns
If a noun is persistent on the antepenult, it is effectively “recessive.” Nom. θάλαττα Gen. θαλάττης Dat. θαλάττῃ Acc. θάλατταν Voc. = Nom.

If a noun is persistent on the antepenult, it is effectively “recessive.” Remember the effect of long vowels on writing the accent. Nom. χὸόραα  χώρα Gen. χὸόραας  χώρας Dat. χὸόραᾳ  χώρᾳ Acc. χὸόρααν  χώραν Voc. = Nom.

Two items to note: Remember that the ending –αι (here used for the nominative plural) is short for purposes of accent, even though it is a diphthong. In the genitive plural ending the -α-of the other endings disappears. It has been contracted into the –ων ending. Consequently, all first declension nouns have a fixed circumflex accent on the ending: -ῶν.

Thus the accent moves in the plural forms, with a resulting change in the appearance of the accent. Nom. χόὸραι  χῶραι Gen. χοοράὸὸν  χοοράὼν  χωρῶν Dat. χὸόραις  χώραις Acc. χὸόραας  χώρας Voc. = Nom.

In rare cases where the accent is persistent on the penult, it simply remains an acute on that syllable (except for the inevitable genitive plural contraction): Nom. δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύναι Gen. δικαιοσύνης δικαιοσυνῶν Dat. δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύναις Acc. δικαιοσύνην δικαιοσύνας Voc. = Nom. Voc. = Nom. This is the only noun in the Core Vocabulary for Chapters 1-17 that follows this pattern.

For 1st declension nouns with accents persistent on the ultima: the nominative and accusative endings bear acute accents the genitive and dative endings bear circumflex accents.

The noun τιμή (stem = τιμ) “honor” follows the ultima pattern: singular Nom. τιμή Gen. τιμῆς Dat. τιμῇ Acc. τιμήν Voc. = Nom. plural Nom. τιμαί Gen. τιμῶν Dat. τιμαῖς Acc. τιμάς Voc. = Nom.

You can use sound effects to remember the pattern! singular Nom. τιμή (bam) Gen. τιμῆς (squeak) Dat. τιμῇ (squeak) Acc. τιμήν (bam) Voc. τιμή (bam) plural Nom. τιμαί (bam) Gen. τιμῶν (squeak) Dat. τιμαῖς (squeak) Acc. τιμάς (bam) Voc. τιμαί (bam) The sounds derive from the sounds made by writing the accents on the chalkboard (acute = bam; circumflex = squeak), courtesy of Frederick Williams.

The definite article follows the ultima pattern, except that the nominative forms do not bear an accent: singular Nom. ἡ Gen. τῆς Dat. τῇ Acc. τήν plural Nom. αἱ Gen. τῶν Dat. ταῖς Acc. τάς

Remember that nouns with an acute on the ultima change the accent to grave before another word: τὴν τιμὴν ἔχομεν. “We have the honor.”

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 6. Prepositions
Greek prepositions require their nouns to be in specific cases. Prepositions govern nouns in the genitive, dative or accusative cases (never the nominative or vocative).

Greek prepositions at their root indicate direction. This chart shows the directions each case generally indicates:

This chapter introduces three prepositions: εἰς + acc. “into” ἐν + dat. “in” ἐκ + gen. “out of”

These prepositions normally do not bear an accent εἰς + acc. “into” ἐν + dat. “in” ἐκ + gen. “out of”

These prepositions normally do not bear an accent εἰς τὴν χώραν “into the country” ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ “in the country” ἐκ τῆς χώρας “out of the country” but before a vowel, ἐκ becomes ἐξ: ἐξ οἰκίας “out of a house”

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 parse/parsing 1st, 2nd or 3RD PERSON
SINGULAR or PLURAL PRESENT or FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 singular -ω (I) -εις (you) -ει (s/he, it) plural
-ομεν (we) -ετε (you, y’all) -ουσι (they) the endings for the future are the same as for present indicative active verbs

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 7. Future active indicative of thematic verbs (2nd principal part) In English, we add the word “will” to a verb to make it future tense: present “we have” future “we will have”

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 7. Future active indicative
Greek verbs do not add an additional word. Instead, Greek verbs add a σ to the stem: “loose” present stem = λυ “loose” future stem = λυσ

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 singular λύω (I loose) λύεις (you loose)
λύει (s/he, it looses) plural λύομεν (we loose) λύετε (you, y’all loose) λύουσι (they loose) present stem = λυ

stem with future marker = λυσ
Shelmerdine Chapter 3 singular λύσω (I will loose) λύσεις (you will loose) λύσει (s/he, it will loose) plural λύσομεν (we will loose) λύσετε (y’all will loose) λύσουσι (they will loose) stem with future marker = λυσ

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Looking up a Greek verb
The 1st sg future indicative active is the second principal part of a verb ἄγω, ἄξω lead, bring γράφω, γράψω write διώκω, διώξω pursue λύω, λύσω loose, set free πείθω, πείσω persuade πέμπω, πέμψω send

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Looking up a Greek verb
Remember the rules for adding a σ (cf. chart on Shelmerdine p.2): ἄγω (γ + σ = ξ)  ἄξω lead, bring γράφω (φ + σ = ψ)  γράψω write διώκω (κ + σ = ξ)  διώξω pursue λύω  λύσω loose, set free πείθω (θ + σ = σ)  πείσω persuade πέμπω (π + σ = ψ)  πέμψω send

ELEMENTARY GREEK for tomorrow (Monday, September 19, 2005):
Quiz: vocabulary from Chapter 3

Shelmerdine Chapter 3 Vocabulary In Chapter 3 Vocabulary,
Omit from nouns: γέφυρα, Μοῦσα

ELEMENTARY GREEK for tomorrow (Wednesday, September 14, 2005):
Quiz: given a verb (as in the vocabulary), write out the six present and six future forms prepare Exercises and Biblical Readings for class

ELEMENTARY GREEK for tomorrow (Thursday, September 14, 2005):
Quiz: parsing quiz (given a sentence from Exercise 12, parse each noun and verb).

C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 3."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback