1. 1. Amendment 14
Defines citizenship – first a citizen of USA, then of the state
makes states follow due process of the law
guarantees equal protection of the law

2. 2. Amendment 13
Ended slavery, except as punishment for a crime

3. 3. Amendment 15
Gave the right to vote to black men

4. 4. Amendment 19
Gave the right to vote to women

5. Amendment 26
Lowered the voting age to 18

6. 6. Suffrage The right to vote
First held by white, male property owners, then given to black men (a13), all women (a19), then age lowered to 18 (a26), residents of Washington DC in presidential elections (a23)

7. 7. Miranda Rights Miranda v. Arizona
Accused persons must be read their rights when they are arrested
Right to remain silent
Right to an attorney

8. 8. Amendment 1 Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech
Freedom of the Press
Right to Peaceable Assembly
Right to petition the government

9. 9. Amendment 2
Right to bear arms

10. 10. Amendment 4
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; must have a warrant that describes the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized

11. 11. Amendment 5 Indicted by a grand jury for a capital offense
No double jeopardy
Can’t be forced to testify against yourself
Guarantees due process of law
Eminent Domain – the government may seize private land for public use, but they must pay a fair price

12. 12. Amendment 6 Right to a speedy and public trial by jury
Right to an attorney
Right to know the charges against you
Right to call witnesses in court

13. 13. Amendment 7
Right to a jury trial in civil (non-criminal) cases where value is $20 or more

14. 14. Amendment 8 No excessive bail or fines
No cruel or unusual punishment

15. 15. Amendment 9
Just because a right isn’t listed in the constitution, that doesn’t mean that you don’t have that right

16. 16. Amendment 10
Powers not given to the federal government are held by the states or the people

17. 17. Civil Rights
Basic freedoms guaranteed by the constitution

18. 18. Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court case that ended segregation in public schools

19. 19. Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case that said the Separate but Equal doctrine was okay

20. 20. Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court case where the court gave itself the power of Judicial Review
Said courts could overturn laws it held to be unconstitutional

21. 21. Jim Crow laws
Laws meant to enforce racial segregation in the southern US

22. 22. Double Jeopardy
You can’t be tried twice for the same crime

23. 23. Popular Sovereignty
The people hold the ultimate power

24. 24. Article 4 Relations between the states
Official acts of states must be recognized by other states
Admission of new states to the union
States will send accused persons back to where the crime was committed (extradition)

25. 25. Article 5 Amending the Constitution
2/3 of Congress must propose an amendment
3/4 of states needed to ratify an amendment

26. 26. Article 6
Supremacy Clause – constitution is supreme over everything
National laws over state laws

27. 27. Article 7 Ratification of the Constitution
9 of 13 states necessary (all, really)
Federalist papers – persuasive essays written for the people of New York to convince them to ratify the new constitution

28. 28. Diff. between Fed/State Laws
Federal laws cover the entire nation
State laws only cover the specific state
Federal laws are superior to state laws (Supremacy Clause)

29. 29. Federalism
Divides government’s power into national and state levels, with national level being more powerful (Supremacy Clause)