1. Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević G10, room 6/I, Tue 15:30-16:30 e-mail: miljen.matijasevic@gmail.com Session 10, 23 Dec 2014

2. 1. Revision of the last session 2. The United Nations 3. The Charter of the United Nations

3. Institutions of the EU

4. 1. What are the legislative bodies of the EU? 2. Who sits in the following bodies: ◦ Council of the European Union ◦ European Parliament ◦ European Council 3. What is qualified majority and who votes by it? 4. What do you know about the European Commission? 5. What is the main task of the Court of Justice of the EU? 6. What about the Court of Auditors? Is it an actual court?

5. 1. nadgledati tumačenje europskog zakonodavstva 2. obavljati godišnju reviziju 3. odobriti proračun EU-a 4. rješavati sporove između država članica

6. 1. nadgledati tumačenje europskog zakonodavstva – to supervise the interpretation of EU legislation 2. obavljati godišnju reviziju – to carry out a yearly (annual) audit 3. odobriti proračun EU-a – to approve the EU budget 4. rješavati sporove između država članica – to settle (resolve) disputes between Member States

7. 5. glavna uprava 6. sastavljati prijedloge europskog zakonodavstva 7. uredba 8. uskladiti nacionalne politike

8. 6. glavna uprava – Directorate General 7. sastavljati prijedloge europskog zakonodavstva – to draft proposals of EU legislation 8. uredba – regulation 9. uskladiti nacionalne politike – to co-ordinate (harmonise) national policies

9. Unit 26

10.  international organisation facilitating co- operation in international law, prevention of war, promoting human rights, economic and social development, social progress and world peace  founded on 24 October 1945 with the ratification of the Charter of the United Nations, signed at the UN Conference in Internation Organization in San Francisco (June 1945)

11. The League of Nations  founded immediately after WW1  headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland  main aim – to prevent another world war  in addition: promoted social and economic progress, global health, suppression of drug and human trafficking

12. The League of Nations  had no military forces, used arbitration and negotiation instead  at its peak had 58 member countries (the USA never a member)  disintegrated as WW2 started

13.  193 member states (nearly all sovereign nations of the world)  headquarters: New York City, NY, USA  offices also in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi

14.  to keep peace throughout the world  to develop friendly relations between nations  to work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms  to be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims 2000 United Nations Publications

15.  all Member States have sovereign equality  all Member States must obey the Charter  countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means  countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force  the UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country  countries should try to assist the United Nations 2000 United Nations Publications

16.  six official languages: ◦ English ◦ French ◦ Arabic ◦ Chinese ◦ Russian ◦ Spanish

17. consists of six principal organs:  General Assembly  Security Council  Economic and Social Council  Secretariat  International Court of Justice (in The Hague)  Trusteeship Council (inactive)  also: specialised institutions

18. specialised agencies:  World Health Organisation (WHO)  Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)  World Bank  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)  International Monetary Fund (IMF)  UN’s Children Fund (UNICEF)  etc.

19. General Assembly

20.  main deliberative, policymaking and representative body of the UN  a forum of multilateral discussion under the Charter  meets in yearly sessions (Sep-Dec)  one state – one vote  resolutions of the UN not binding on the members, except budgetary matters

21. Security Council

22.  body in charge of maintaining world peace and security  five permanent members: China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA (veto power)  ten non-permanent members (voted for two- year terms)  power to issue binding decisions that Member States have agreed to abide by in the Charter

23. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)  promotes intrenational economic and social co-operation and development  has 54 members voted by the General Council for a three-year term  meets once a year  co-ordinates special bodies  meets with representatives of IMF and WB

24. Secretariat  carries out day-to-day work of the organisation  provides services for UN bodies ◦ carries out studies, gathers information ◦ implements programmes and policies (e.g. peacekeeping operations) ◦ helps resolve international disputes ◦ organises conferences ◦ translates documents ◦ acts as a PR for the UN

25. Secretariat  headed by Secretary-General  currently: Ban Ki-moon (took over from Kofi Annan in 2007)  chief officer of the UN  can draw the attention of the Security Council to “any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security”, under the UN Charter

26.  not a homogenous body  usually slow decision-making process, particularly in the area of peacekeeping and international relations  long time to achieve consensus  both global and national interests considered  treaties often abided by owing to pressure from the media and the public

28.  Preamble + 19 Chapters  lays down basic aims and principles  providing for the organs and organisation of the UN  provides for pacific settlement of disputes  lays down action in the case of threats to or breaches of the peace  regulates the trusteeship system over non-self- governing territories

29.  WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED  to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and  to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and  to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and  to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

30.  AND FOR THESE ENDS  to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and  to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and  to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and  to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,

31.  HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS  Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.

32. Article 1 The Purposes of the United Nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

33. 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self- determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; 3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

34. Article 2 1. The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles. 2. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members. 3. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter. 4. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.

35. 5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action. 6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security. 7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.

36. Thank you for your attention!