1. Chapter 14 Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis

2. Warm-Up
How did the American people sacrifice during World War II? Are all Americans treated equally during this time?

3. Map

4. 14.4- Striking Germany and Italy
1943- Casablanca, Morocco: Churchill and FDR meet
Step up bombing of Germany
Why continue bombing?
Goal: Destroy German military and morale
Result somewhat of a success
Severe oil shortage
Destroyed railroads and aircraft factories

5. 14.4- Striking Germany and Italy
US and Britain also decided to attack Sicily(1943)
Churchill called Italy the “Soft underbelly” of Europe
Convinced that Italians would quit the war if the Allies invaded
Attack on Sicily creates a crisis in Italy
King of Italy lost confidence in Mussolini
Mussolini gets arrested

6. Allies Land in Anzio Germany took control of northern Italy
Germany returns Mussolini to power
America lands behind German lines
1st invasion on European soil
Prelude to D-Day
Italian campaign was one of the bloodies in the war
300,000 Allied casualties
Largest amphibious (water to land)

7. Saving Private Ryan- First 20 minutes

8. Warm Up 3-20 Saving Private Ryan-Discuss
Why was it important that the U.S. and Great Britain successfully beat Germany in Africa?
What was the Casablanca Conference?
How are the bombings in Germany similar to the Doolittle Raid in Tokyo?
Why were amphibious landings difficult?

9. Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943 Who are these guys
Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943 Who are these guys? What do you think they want?

10. The Tehran Conference
Stalin, Churchill, and FDR meet in Tehran, Iran 1943
Dealing with Stalin is difficult communism
“The enemy of my enemy is my friend”
Stalin wants a full out two front war in Europe and Russia
Stalin promised to launch a full scale offensive against the Germans when Allies invade France
Once Germany was defeated Soviets would help US defeat Japan

11. Landing In France
Operation Overlord (D-Day)- Codename for the invasion
Roosevelt selected General Eisenhower (Why)
Hitler fortified the coast along the English Channel
The Germans believed the Allies would land in Pas-de-Calais
Area of France closest to Britain
Fortified: strengthen (a place) with defensive works so as to protect it against attack

12. Planning Operation Overlord (D-Day)
Creates a two front war – The invasion of Europe from the allies will lead to the downfall of Nazi Germany
Also known as D-Day
Allies preparation of invasion 1944
1.5 million American soldiers
12,000 airplanes
5 million tons of equipment

13. Key Requirements for Operation Overlord (D-DAY)
#1)The invasion had to begin at night- to hide the ships
#2)Arrive at a low tide- could see the beach obstacles
#3) Weather needed to be good
Think about storms– high waves
June 6th 1944 – Eisenhower gives the OK

14. The Longest Day: D-day 23,000 paratroopers- behind enemy lines
Utah Beach went smoothly– everything’s OK
German forces were weak
Omaha Beach was a struggle for allied forces
2,500 Americans were killed or wounded
35,000 troops had landed at Omaha
23,000 troops had landed at Utah
Largest amphibious operation in history had SUCCEEDED
AMPHIBIOUS-(of a military operation) involving forces landed from the sea

15. Map

16. SWITCH TO THE PACIFIC Map: The Pacific

17. The Pacific- Driving Japan Back
The Pacific Fleet– Commanded by Admiral Nimitz
“Island Hopping” from one island to the next
Why is it so bloody?
Creep closer and closer to Japan
General MacArthur- would advance from the South Philippines
Creates another two front war
MAP- PAGE 513

18. Map

19. Island-Hopping in the Pacific
Tarawa (1943)
Problem: coral reef troops have to wade in the beach very dangerous
1 in 3 Marines made it to shore
Took island but suffered high casualties
Marshall Islands (Feb. 1944)
Went Smoothly
Mariana Islands
Use as a base for new heavy bomber
B-29s could bomb Japan
Captured by August 1944

21. MacArthur Returns Campaign began by invading Guadalcanal
Move Toward the Philippines
Troops began to land on Leyte Gulf in Philippines
Largest naval battle in history

22. MacArthur Returns Japan uses kamikazes
Fly the plan into the ship
Why?
Philippines recaptured after five months
80,000 Japanese were killed