1. The Organization of Matter
Mixtures:
a) Homogeneous (Solutions)
b) Heterogeneous
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
Atoms
Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Quarks
Quarks

2. Matter: Anything occupying space and having mass.
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3. Properties of matter
Property – any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types of matter Each substance has a unique set of physical and chemical properties.

4. Properties of Matter
Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Volume
Mass
Energy Content (think Calories!)
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.
Melting point
Boiling point
Density

5. Properties of matter
Physical Properties Physical Properties are measured without changing the substance. e.g., color, density, odor, melting point Chemical Properties Chemical Properties describe how substances react or change to form different substances e.g., rusting of an iron nail at room temperature, sodium reacts violently with water, radioactive decay, lack of reactivity

6. Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another
Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.

7. Classifying Matter: Types of Mixtures
Mixtures have variable composition. A homogeneous mixture is a solution (for example, vinegar) A heterogeneous mixture is, to the naked eye, clearly not uniform (for example, a bottle of ranch dressing)
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8. Separation of a Mixture
The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means.

9. Pure Substances
Can be isolated by separation methods:  Chromatography  Filtration  Distillation
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10. Separation of a Mixture
The components of dyes such as ink may be separated by paper chromatography.

11. Separation of a Mixture by Distillation

12. Classifying Matter:
Types of Substances
Compound: A substance with a constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes.
Element: A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means.

13. Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water
Compounds must be separated by chemical means.
With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements
Reactant  Products
Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen
2 H2O  H O2