1. History of Education: After the Civil War Chapter 5A - Foundations

2. Freedmen’s Bureau Offered food, medicine, and seed Secured legal rights Created educational opportunities  With hundreds of Northern teachers going south to help the freed slaves

3. 1867 Congress created a Department of Education Henry Barnard was appointed the director  Collected statistics and facts on education To promote universal education

4. Early 20 th Century Public school facilities and instruction were criticized Beginning of scientific research in teaching and learning An increase in the testing for abilities Magazines, newspapers, and radio shaped public opinion  Public was able to get news more quickly and in larger amounts

5. 1950’s & 1960’s 1950’s - Racial segregation in schools was made unconstitutional 1960’s - federal government influenced education with money, legislation, and ideology - aid given to schools serving children of low income families

6. 1960’s (continued) - legislation guaranteeing racial and gender equity - new entitlement for students with disabilities - began bilingual and bi-cultural programs - began career education programs

7. 1965 Elementary & Secondary Education Act (ESEA)  Made the federal government the policy maker for schools  Allocated money for poverty programs, textbooks, school libraries, teaching aids, remedial instruction, counseling, and health services

8. 1980’s Returned power and financial responsibility for education programs to states and localities Decrease in federal money; but an increase in educational reform

9. 21 st Century Trying to improve educational practice through performance standards  And by setting higher academic standards