1. The Civil War

2. Questions for Reading
Who debated? What were they running for? What was the key issue they debated? Who won the election?
What happened at Harpers Ferry?

3. Review
What were the two ways that the U.S. acquired territory west of the Mississippi River?
A = La. Purchase & War w/ Mexico.
What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
A = Established precedent of judicial review.

4. Mo Review Describe the Pro-slavery argument.
What was the Dred Scott case?
What were the three compromises arrived at as the country expanded west?
A = Missouri comp.; Comp. of 1850; and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

5. Some Mo Review What was “Popular Sovereignty”?
What was “Bleeding Kansas”?
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and why was it upsetting to people In the South?
Who were the two most famous abolitionists?
A = Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison

6. Sectional Tension Westward Expansion and slavery. Remember:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act

7. The Dred Scott Case (1857)
Slave who sued for his freedom because he had been taken by his master to free states.
Supreme Court ruled:
A. Slaves are not citizens.
B. Government does not have the right to prevent slavery in territories (Missouri compromise is thus unconstitutional).

8. John Brown Radical Abolitionist.
Leads a raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859).
Wanted to give weapons to slaves so they could rebel.
Is captured and hung.
Anti-slave people call him a martyr.
South considers him to be crazy.

11. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858 Senate race in Illinois.
Series of debates between the candidates—Republican Abe Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas.
Main issue they debate is what to do about the issue of slavery in the western territories.
Douglas win the election, but Lincoln becomes famous throughout the country.

12. Lincoln-Douglas Debates

15. The Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for President, is against the extension of slavery into the western territories.
Does not think blacks are equal to whites but thinks slavery is bad for white self-making.
Some in the South say that they will secede (leave the Union) If he is elected President.

16. Election of 1860

17. Lincoln wins The South secedes.
They form The Confederate Sates of America.
Some southern “Border” states stay in the union.

19. The Beginning of the fighting
South Carolina attacks Fort Sumter April 12, 1861.

20. Northern Advantages More Manufacturing More Railroads
Larger Population
Mo Money

21. Southern Advantages Better Military Leadership
Can fight a Defensive war
Fighting in cause they believe in.
Cotton

22. Modern Warfare First “modern War.” Ironclads Landmines
Repeating Weapons
Improved artillery
Railroad & Telegraph

23. Northern Leaders Pres. Abe Lincoln Generals: U.S. Grant
William T. Sherman

24. Southern Leaders
President: Jefferson Davis
General Robert E. Lee

25. Northern Goals Preserve the Union—NOT TO END SLAVERY
Key Strategy—Naval Blockade

26. Draft Riots
Both the Union and the Confederacy begin to draft soldiers.
Rich people could buy their way out of it or hire substitutes.
In New York, there were draft riots (mostly poor Irish).

27. The Emancipation Proclamation
In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that threatened to free slaves in any territory still in rebellion by 1863.
Only takes effect as the Union army captures Confederate territory.
Important symbolically because it now made the war about ending slavery.

29. Andersonville
Southern Prisoner of War Camp

30. Facts about the Civil War
— North Wins.
More than 600,000 Americans die.
Lincoln is assassinated
Slaves are freed by 13th Amendment
South Destroyed by “Total War.”

32. Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House

33. Review
What was the cause of sectional tension between the North and the South?
Who was John Brown and how was he viewed by the North and the South?
What political party did Abe Lincoln belong to?
What were Lincoln’s feelings about African Americans and Slavery?

34. Why did the Southern states begin to secede?
What was the beginning of fighting during the Civil War?
What were the Northern advantages when the war broke out?
What were the Southern advantages?
Who was the President of the South during the Civil War?

35. Why were there draft riots in the North?
What was Andersonville?
How did the “Emancipation Proclamation” change the purpose of the war?
Who won the Civil War and what years was it fought?
Describe the Dred Scott case.