1. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 1 The Skeletal System 1

2. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 2 The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Divided into two divisions  Axial skeleton  Appendicular skeleton

3. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 3 Functions of Bones  Movement due to attached skeletal muscles  Storage of minerals and fats  Blood cell formation

4. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 4 Bones of the Human Body  The skeleton has 206 bones  Two basic types of bone tissue Figure 5.2b

5. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 5 Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

6. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 6 Classification of Bones Long bones  Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur, humerus Short bones  Contain mostly spongy bone  Examples: Carpals, tarsals

7. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 7 Classification of Bones Flat bones  Usually curved  Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum Irregular bones  Do not fit into other bone classification categories  Example: Vertebrae and hip

8. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 8 Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone  Diaphysis  Epiphysis

9. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 9 Structures of a Long Bone Slide 5.7  Periosteum  Fibrous connective tissue membrane  Sharpey’s fibers  Secure periosteum to underlying bone  Arteries  Supply bone cells with nutrients

10. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 10 Structures of a Long Bone  Articular cartilage  Covers the external surface of the epiphyses  Made of hyaline cartilage Figure 5.2a

11. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 11 Structures of a Long Bone  Medullary cavity  Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults  Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants Figure 5.2a

12. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 12 Changes in the Human Skeleton  During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone  Cartilage remains in isolated areas  Bridge of the nose  Parts of ribs  Joints

13. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 13 Bone Growth Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood  New cartilage is continuously formed  Older cartilage becomes ossified  Cartilage is broken down  Bone replaces cartilage

14. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 14 Long Bone Formation and Growth

15. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 15 Long Bone Formation and Growth

16. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 16 Bone Fractures  A break in a bone  Types of bone fractures  Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization  Realignment of the bone

17. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 17 Common Types of Fractures

18. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 18 Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5

19. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 19 The Axial Skeleton  Divided into three parts  Skull  Vertebral column  Bony thorax

20. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 20 The Axial Skeleton

21. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 21 The Skull  Two sets of bones  Bones are joined by sutures  Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

22. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 22 The Skull

23. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 23 Paranasal Sinuses  Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity  Functions of paranasal sinuses

24. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 24 The Hyoid Bone  Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

25. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 25 The Vertebral Column  Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs  Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location

26. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 26 Structure of a Typical Vertebrae

27. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 27 Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae

28. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 28 The Bony Thorax  Made-up of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  Thoracic vertebrae