1. Working with Analogies
Choose a logical word to complete an analogy, using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories/subcategories, whole/part, functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled words, homophones. 

2. Analogies test your ability to:
Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships

3. Old
Young

4. To answer an analogy question you must:
Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair
Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way
Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships

5. Analogies look like this:
Up: Down ::Over: Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under

6. In what ways could these pairs of words be related?
The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words.
I get it…they are opposites!

7. Examples of possible relationships in an analogy:
Synonyms or antonyms
A part to the whole
A member to the category that contains it
Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
Object to function

8. Here is one example of Synonym relationships:
Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: ____?_____
Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: Adult
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

9. Here is one example of Antonym relationships:
Big: Small::Full:__?_____
Big: Small::Full: Empty
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

10. Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships:
Wheel: Car::Branch:___?____
Wheel: Car::Branch: Tree
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

11. Here is one example of Member to Category relationships:
Apple: Fruit::Carrot:___?____
Apple: Fruit::Carrot: Vegetable
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

12. Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships:
Sliver: Pain::Heat:____?______
Sliver: Pain::Heat: Boil
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

13. Here is one example Matters of Degree relationships:
Warm: Hot::Cool:___?___
Warm: Hot::Cool: Frigid
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

14. Here is one example of Object to Function relationships:
Truck: Transport::Oven:___?___
Truck: Transport::Oven: bake
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

15. PRACTICE Can you identify the relationship?
Synonyms or antonyms
A part to the whole
A member to the category that contains it
Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
Object to function
PLATOON:SOLDIER
HOT:SCALDING
STARVATION:BINGING
GILLS:BREATHING
PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING
SOCCER:SPORT
Let’s practice recognizing relationships.
Part to whole - the second word (solider) is part of the first word (platoon)
Varying degree - the first word (hot) is the extreme of the second word (scalding)
Antonym
Object to function - gills are used to breathe
Synonym -someone who is persuasive is also convincing
Member to category- soccer is a type of sport

16. PRACTICE Can you identify the relationship?
Synonyms or antonyms
A part to the whole
A member to the category that contains it
Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
Object to function b
PLATOON:SOLDIER
HOT:SCALDING
STARVATION:BINGING
GILLS:BREATHING
PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING
SOCCER:SPORT e a f
Let’s practice recognizing relationships.
Part to whole - the second word (solider) is part of the first word (platoon)
Varying degree - the first word (hot) is the extreme of the second word (scalding)
Antonym
Object to function - gills are used to breathe
Synonym -someone who is persuasive is also convincing
Member to category- soccer is a type of sport a c

17. Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions:
Try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair.
Form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words.
Then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion.

18. Example APPLE : FRUIT :: Salad : Mix Orange: Banana Juice : Can
Slice : Core
Butterfly: Insect
Make a sentence that shows the relationship between apple and fruit. How about “An apple is a type of fruit.”
Test that sentence by going through all five answers choices, replacing apple & fruit with the different pairs of words.
Only one pair fits the sentence. Answer E: A butterfly s a type of insect.

19. Example Butterfly: Insect APPLE : FRUIT :: Salad : Mix Orange: Banana
Juice : Can
Slice : Core
Butterfly: Insect
Make a sentence that shows the relationship between apple and fruit. How about “An apple is a type of fruit.”
Test that sentence by going through all five answers choices, replacing apple & fruit with the different pairs of words.
Only one pair fits the sentence. Answer E: A carrot is a type of vegetable.

20. How do you know if you have a good sentence?
Look at the answer choices.
If more than one answer choice seems to fit, then your sentence is too general.
If none of them work, then your sentence is too specific.

21. Example PEN : WRITE :: Pencil : Sharpen Ink : Blue Letter : Compose
Knife : Cut
Mistake : Erase
Too specific sentence - I once had a pen that my dog chewed but it still wrote in different colors. - sentence is too long, too specific.
Too general: A pen is a thing and to write is an action. Sentence is too vague. It describes each word individually and not the relationship of the words. Lots of very different pairs of words could fit from this sentence.

22. Example Knife : Cut PEN : WRITE :: Pencil : Sharpen Ink : Blue
Letter : Compose
Knife : Cut
Mistake : Erase
Too specific sentence - I once had a pen that my dog chewed but it still wrote in different colors. - sentence is too long, too specific.
Too general: A pen is a thing and to write is an action. Sentence is too vague. It describes each word individually and not the relationship of the words. Lots of very different pairs of words could fit from this sentence.

23. Helpful Approaches:
Pay attention to the order of the words in the pair.
Pay attention to the parts of speech.
The relationships you need to explain will be constant relationships.
Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive.
Remember that a single word can have several different meaning.
Never decide on the best answer without reading all the answer choices.
Practice recognizing and formulating relationships between word pairs.

24. Practice Large : Big:: Remember : Forget Triumph: Success
Nostril : Smell
Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See

25. Practice Triumph: Success Large : Big:: Remember : Forget
Nostril : Smell
Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See

26. Practice Bat : Hitter Score: Win Walk : Run Mars : Venus
Stick : Hockey Player
Basketball: Hoop

27. Practice Stick : Hockey Player Bat : Hitter Score: Win Walk : Run
Mars : Venus
Stick : Hockey Player
Basketball: Hoop

28. Practice Come : Came:: Walk : Walking Ride : Rode Left : Arrived
Did : Had Done
See : Seen

29. Practice Ride : Rode Come : Came:: Walk : Walking Left : Arrived
Did : Had Done
See : Seen

30. Figural Analogies
Look at overheads

31. Practice
Work with a friend on the packet!