1. Evolution of Coating Applications Methods & Technology For Eastern NACE Conference By Doug Klingensmith President of USI NACE Member 268050

2. Does This Look Familiar? Innovation & Tech has the answers

3. The First Paints Found in prehistoric caves Using simple ingredients such as soil water & animal fats

4. The 3 P’s of Coating Effectiveness 1.Preparation 2.Preparation 3.Preparation

5. Substrate Preparation Key reminder – The product you are applying is only as good as your preparation. Follow application directions from manufacturer. Follow structure owner specification if available. Both may include items such as: – Atmospheric conditions Moisture Wind Humidity Temperature

6. Substrate Preparation Continued – Cleanliness of pipe Standards by NACE, SSPC, ISO Structure owner specification – Anchor pattern How aggressive? – Elimination of spurs and sharp edges – Transition issues Overlap Tapered edge

7. Humidity, Temperature – Weather Conditions

8. Pipe Conditions – Record your findings.

9. Substrate Preparation

10. How well did you prepare the steel?

11. How clean is your air supply?

12. Blasting set up.

13. The 3 P’s of Coating are: Preparation, Preparation & More Preparation. Conventional Grit Blasting  Newly Developed Bristle Blasting  PneumaticElectric MBX Bristle Blaster

14. APPLICATION EQUIPMENT APPLICATION EQUIPMENT Before we examine the various Application Equipment available, we must first consider the following: – SHAPE AND SIZE OF THE OBJECT TO BE COATED (SPEED OF APPLICATION / MASKING / CUTTING IN) – VISCOSITY OF THE MATERIAL (GRADE OF MATERIAL FROM HVLP SPRAY TO TROWL GRADE) – APPLICATION PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIAL (SINGLE OR 2 PACK MATERIAL / POT LIFE / MIXING / WFT REQUIED) – WHAT CONDITIONS ARE LIKELY TO AFFECT THE APPLICATION AND FINISH OF THE COATING? (REQUIDED DFT / FINISH REQUIRED / PERCENTAGE OF THINNER ADDED, SURFACE CONDITION, NUMBER OF COATS)

15. BRUSH & ROLLER Advantages: – Techniques are relatively simple to master. – Equipment cost is low. – 100% “Transfer Efficiency”. – Negligible lost of product due to equipment. Disadvantages: – Application is relatively slow. – Difficult to eliminate Brush Marks or “Orange Peel” from roller application.

16. BRUSHES To achieve a quality finish, use a quality brush. Forked bristles with a good “stock”. For very viscous materials, the brush may be cut down to aid application. Achieving an acceptable and smooth finish when brushing can be a difficult. A lot depends on the properties of the coating material, the dimensions of the work, and the skill of the operator. The operator must try to maintain an “open” edge to be able to work with the “Wet Edge Time” of the material. Also, when painting vertical surfaces, “Laying Off” vertically on the final stroke will aid flow.

17. ROLLERS The choice of rollers is increasing all the time. Both the “SLEEVE” material and its “PILE” can be chosen to suit a particular application. APPLICATION ROLLERS: – Such as, Mohair, Wool, High Density Foam, Nylon etc. EFFECT ROLLERS: – Such as, Sponge, Stipple, – Rag, etc.

18. Application Continued Hand Applied – Bell hole application – Girth weld application – Risers – Anywhere spray application is not needed or possible

19. Coating Tips Don’t forget about the pot life of the product. Man is my wrist sore. Where is the power mixer?

20. MIXERS DRILL and EPI-MIXER For mixing at High Speed. Good for mixing Larger Units of “Liquid” Coating or small quantities of screeds. Particularly if the Pot Life is Short, or the coating is difficult to mix by hand.

21. Coating Technology Applications

22. Two-Part Epoxy Application Cartridge Format – Pinhole repair – Small diameter field joint – Small scrapes and abrasions – Test lead repair kit

23. Coating Tips Icicle formation at the 6:00 position due to improper roller application. Difference between spray application and roller application.

24. SPRAY APPLICATIONS Many types of equipment are available. Choice depends mainly on the viscosity of the product to be sprayed, and the working environment. Advantages over Brush & Roller Application ? – Spray Application is much quicker. – Reduced labor costs. – Quality of finish is higher. Disadvantages ? – Use of equipment and techniques is more skilled. – Equipment can be very expensive. – Transfer Efficiency is lower than 100 % – More loss of product due to equipment.

25. Method of Atomization TABLE OF GENERAL PROPERTIES FOR SPRAY EQUIPMENT Application Equipment Material Viscosity Working Pressure Application SpeedAtomization QualityTransfer Efficiency Conventional Air SprayLow - Medium40 - 100 psiMedium - FastExcellent35 - 45 % HVLPLow40 - 80 psiSlow - MediumGood - Excellent45 - 70 % Airless SprayMedium - High1500 - 5000 psiVery FastFair55 - 80 % Air Assisted AirlessMedium - High500 - 1500 psiFastGood55 - 75 % Wet Electrostatic (Induction) Low40 - 80 psiMediumGood - Excellent60 - 80 % (+ 5-20 %)

26. Conventional Air Spray Used for “FINE FINISHES”. Eg: Trains / Automotive / Furniture Applications Disadvantages: Very Poor Transfer Efficiency Due to High Bounce Back.

27. ATOMIZATION

28. AIRLESS SPRAY GUN Coating is pumped under EXTREME pressure through an ORIFICE. This action ATOMIZES the paint AND produces the FAN, without the use of air at the tip. The Airless Spray Motor may be driven by compressed air or electricity.

29. Typical Unit

30. Changing Fan Pattern

31. Airless Spray Application – Handles Medium to High viscosity materials. – Application Rates are very high. – Used for “INDUSTRIAL FINISHES”. Eg: Bridge / Ship / Structural Steel Coating. – Very Good Transfer Efficiency Achieved. – Can only be used for 2 Pack materials if the “Usable Life” is long.

32. PLURAL FEED HOT AIRLESS SPRAY These units are used to spray – 2 Pack materials that have a short “Usable Life” or – 2 Pack materials that are too viscous to spray at ambient temperatures. For example: – Many solvent free 2 component Epoxies or Polyurethane's

33. Plural Hot AS Schematic

34. Epoxy Unit

35. Fast Set Polyurethane Unit

36. PLURAL COMPONENT GUNS Various plural component guns are available

37. SOLVENT FREE EPOXY APPLICATION Graco Xtreme Mix Plural-component spray machine

38. Gracy Xtreme Mix Plural Unit

39. Epoxy Application Clip Spray Applied – Large rehab projects – Plural component spray – Economical

40. Advantages ? – Materials may be easily heated. – Short Usable Life’s are not a problem. – Negligible waste. – Higher material temperature provides faster working rates and better atomization. – Shorter and fewer down times. Disadvantages ? – Units are very expensive (but may be hired). – Operation of units is more skilled. (Requiring 2 operatives). – Equipment is bulky. – Larger compressors required. – Longer start up times. Plural Feed Spraying

41. High-solids, cartridge spray systems save time. Ideal for jobs that are too small for Plural Spray

42. A 450mL cartridge can cover 6 to 7 sqft at 25-40 mils.

43. Intended Uses As a patch material As a girth weld coating As an internal lining As a stand alone coating for pipe rehabilitation In a wide variety of other field applications where corrosion protection of metal is required

44. Q & A Various Application Equipment Brush & Roll Conventional Spray Heated Plural Spray Units Portable High Solids Cartridge Spray

45. Summary Correct selection of application equipment with fully trained personnel can result in a fast, stress free application which in turn will result in a better quality finish. This in turn will lead to better protection and reliability of your valued assets and minimize potential issues with the DOT or the public Lowering your company’s Life-Cycle Cost and increasing corporate long-term profits.

46. Thank You Doug Klingensmith NACE Member 268050