1. x-ray radiation passed thru object and onto a photographic plate

2. structural vs. functional brain imaging techniques CT MRI PET fMRI

3. CT scan x-ray & sensor low resolution computerized axial tomography

4. CT scan reveals tumor or vascular damage

5. MRI high resolution, noisy, NO metal! magnetic resonance imaging

6. structural imaging comparison radiation risk low resolution no metal, noisy, claustrophobic high resolution CT SCANMRI

7. PET scan positron emission tomography low resolution (both temporal & spatial) radioactive sugar is injected expensive due to cyclotron

8. PET scan positron emission tomography

9. fMRI scan higher spatial resolution than PET (poor temporal resolution) 3-D images possible hemoglobin (blood protein that binds oxygen) changes its magnetic field response

10. functional imaging comparison radiation risk low resolution cost no metal, noisy, claustrophobic low res but higher than PET PET SCAN fMRI

11. psychophysiological techniques (surface recordings ) “psychophysiology” vs “physiological psychology”

12. EEG psychophysiological techniques EO G EMG “electrophysiology” = electro-myograph = electro-oculograph = electro-encephalograph

13. EEG electroencephalography poor spatial resolution but excellent temporal resolution (activation) record of electrical activity below each electrode

14. EEG brainwaves characterize mental states

15. ERP event related potentials: derived from EEG waves produced in response to some event are averaged together an ERP signal emerges as random “noise” cancels out

16. startle response & P300

17. EMG electromyograph

18. MEG magnetoencephalography like EEG but magnetic fields good spatial and excellent temporal res

19. SCR skin conductance/resistance index of physiological arousal

20. TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation new, poorly understood produces a temporary “lesion” inactivates a brain area

21. heart rate psychophysiological techniques blood pressure skin response “polygraph” pupil dilation sympathetic nervous system

22. Minor incidents everyone is guilty of: control question test Have you ever hurt someone else’s feelings? Have you ever lied to a friend? Do you ever exceed the speed limit? CONTROL QUESTIONS

23. About the crime being investigated: control question test Were you at the 1 st National Bank on Jan 1? Did you drive a Ford sedan at the Metro Plaza? Did you steal $200,000 from the bank? RELEVANT QUESTIONS

24. lie detection INNOCENT CONTROL Q CRIME RELEVANT Q GUILTY CONTROL Q CRIME RELEVANT Q

25. psychophysiological techniques “false positives” vs “false negatives”

26. Why should you care about “lie detectors”? discussion court employee screening government jobs law enforcement armored security

27. psychophysiological techniques “psychopathy” vs “psychopathology”