2. Animal Kingdom: Birds

3. Aves About 9,000 species of birds are in the class Aves.
  Bird classification is based on beak and foot types, and some habitats and behaviors.
Birds of prey have notched beaks and sharp talons.
Shorebirds have long slender bills and long legs.
Waterfowl have webbed toes and broad bills.

4. Aves The only modern (extant) animals to have feathers.
Feathers are composed of keratin, and occur as two types.    1. Contour feathers overlap to produce a broad, flat lifting surface.    2. Down feathers provide excellent insulation against loss of body heat.
Birds are homeothermic; they have ability to maintain a constant, relatively high body temperature.
Homeothermy enables an animal to be continuously active in cold weather.
Feathers serve for insulation and for flight.        

5. Aves: designed for flight
Keeled breastbone anchors muscles used in flight.
Respiratory air sacs are extensive to gain maximum oxygen for flight, using a one-way flow of air,
Air sacs maximize gas exchange and oxygenation of blood.
The wishbone (clavicle and ribs are fused together) stabilizes the shoulder joint and prevent collapse of shoulder during flight         

6. 6 Characteristics of Birds
Endothermic (warm blooded)
Vertebrates (Hollow Bones!)
4 Chamber Heart
All Have Feathers
All Lay Eggs
Have Scales on Feet and Legs

7. Aves
Their nearly hollow bones ( honey combed) provide lightweight strength.
Birds possess a four-chambered heart; a double-loop circulatory system separates oxygenated blood

8. Birds Characteristics: Have feathers Lay eggs
Have bodies specially adapted for flight
Have a beak rather than teeth
Very acute vision and excellent muscle reflexes

9. Types of Feathers Contour: A large feather/gives shape to birds body
Down: Short fluffy/traps heat
keeps the
bird warm

11. How do birds fly?
The top has less “air pressure” and this produces an UPWARD force
(This is called lift!)

12. The Science of Bird Flight

13. Birds who do NOT fly!
Penguins
Ostriches
Emus

14. There are more fake flamingos in the world than real flamingos.

15. Characteristics: Class Mammalia Have teeth differentiation Have hair
Are warm blooded (endothermic)
Have a single jaw bone
Have inner ear bones
Produce milk for their young

16. Mammal Characteristics
Are Dioecious
Most are viviparous ( bear living young and nourished by mother)
Some are oviparous: lay eggs that develop outside mom

17. Mammal Characteristics
Mammals have larger brains and seem to be the most capable learners. 
Have a 4 chambered heart and a double-loop circulatory system
 Mammalian mothers nourish their babies with milk (mammary glands)

18. Class Mammalia About 4,500 species of mammals belong to class Mammalia
The 3 major groups of extant Mammals are:
1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. Placental mammals

19. Examples include the duckbill platapus and spiney anteater
Monotremes
    Mammals That Lay Eggs
Examples include the duckbill platapus and spiney anteater           

20. Every evolutionists worst nightmare – impossible to explain!

22. Marsupials Mammals That Have Pouches
Marsupials begin development inside the mother's body but are then born in a very immature state.
Newborns crawl up into a pouch on their mother's abdomen.
Inside a pouch they attach to nipples of mother's mammary glands and develop

24. Opossum: American Marsupial

25. Marsupials
– The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal.
Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very “uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development.

26. Kangaroo Birth
17 Weeks

27. Placental mammals Mammals That Have Placentas
Placenta supplies nutrients to and removes wastes from blood of developing offspring
Placenta enables young to be born in a relatively advanced stage of development
Young have long period of dependency on parents after birth

28. The Placenta is Key

30. based on mode of locomotion and method of obtaining food.
Classification of mammals
based on mode of locomotion and method of obtaining food.            

31. Class Mammalia
Order Perissodactyla (horses, zebras, tapirs, and rhinoceroses) odd toed ungulates
Order Artiodactyla (pigs, cattle, deer, buffaloes, giraffes) even toed ungulates
Order Carnivora (Meat eaters, tigers, wolves, etc.)
Order Primates (lemurs, monkeys, apes, man)
Order Cetacea (dolphins, whales)
Order Chiroptera (bats)
Order Rodentia (rats, mice, squirrels, beavers, porcupines)
Order Proboscidea (elephants, mammoths)
Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas)
Order Xenarthran ( sloth, anteaters, armadillos)

32. Order Perissodactyla

33. Order Perissodactyla

34. Order Artiodactyla

35. Baby Giraffe
Six Feet Tall

36. Order Artiodactyla

37. Hippo milk is pink
Hippo milk is pink

38. Order Carnivora
           
270 species are in order Carnivora.                 a. Meat-eaters including the dogs, cats, raccoons, bears & skunks.                

39. Order Carnivora

42. Order Primates
           contains 180 species of lemurs, monkeys, gibbons, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans.                

43. Order Cetacea
includes about 80 species of whales and dolphins.                

44. The heart of a blue whale is so big, a human can swim through the arteries.

45. Order Chiroptera
            contains 925 species of nocturnal bats.                

47. Don’t forget that bats use sonar to fly in total darkness!
Then remember that no mutation ever produces new genetic information.
Therefore, bats must have been created from the beginning with the ability to fly.

48. Order Rodentia
           
mice, rats, squirrels, beavers, and porcupines).                 This is largest order with 1,760 species.                

49. . Only two extant species are in order Proboscidea: the elephants and mamoths.                
Upper lip and nose are elongated and muscularized forming a prehensile trunk.
They are herbivores and are largest living land mammals.
Order Proboscidea

50. Order Lagomorpha
            65 species of rabbits, hares, and pikas.             Their hind legs are longer than their front legs

51. Order Xenarthran
Most of the mammals in this order have simple teeth without enamel, and a few have no teeth at all.

52. . Armadillos nearly always give birth to identical quadruplets.

53. In biology:
Hybrid (biology), the offspring resulting from cross-breeding of different plants or animals.