1. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC – An example of adoption of EU air monitoring requirements in new MSs Jaroslav Fiala, European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6, Copenhagen

2. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Democratic changes in the beginning of 90’s led to adoption of environmentally friendly legislation and enforced substantial improvement of the environment in CR  Restructuring of economy (decline from heavy industry, liberalisation of prices of energy …)  Implementation of necessary abatement measures (desulphurization, use of low NO x -burners and particle filters at large power plants, gasification, reduction of emissions from cars...)  Air emissions and consequently ambient air concentrations of basic pollutants (SO 2, PM and NO x ) decreased remarkably in the Czech Republic after 1990  Air quality monitoring and air quality assessment was substantially improved after 1990 Air pollution in CR in last period SO 2 TSP Before 1990 the Czech Republic belonged to the most polluted areas in Europe (northern Bohemia - Black Triangle, Silesia) SO 2 PM

3. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Air quality monitoring in CR in 1992-2002 Number of air pollution monitoring sites measuring basic pollutants Number of monitoring sites measuring specific pollutants, Air Quality Monitoring Networks Backbone Network of Automated Stations Integrated Air Quality Information System of the Czech Republic SQL RDBMS (Oracle) + GIS + Principles of methods used in the AMS (Automated Monitoring Stations) SO2UV- fluorescence NO2/NOxChemiluminescence PM10/SPMBeta –radiometry, TEOM OzoneUV - absorbance COIR – correlation spectrometry C6H6 / BTXChromatography

4. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 EU Enlargement and the environment The process of EU Enlargement was an additional important stimulus for further improvement of the environment in Candidate Countries The accession process required an adoption of the European environmental legislation => Transposition and implementation of EU legislation into the national legislation

5. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Adoption of EU AQ legislation By 2002 the Czech Republic transposed and implemented more than a dozen of EU AQ related directives and regulations: Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) directive National Emission Ceiling directive Air Emissions related directives In ambient air quality it covered a transposition and implementation of: Framework Directive 96/62/EC Daughter Directives 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC Exchange of Information (EoI) Decision 97/101/EC Approximation of EU legislation led in the Candidate Countries to the adoption and innovation of air pollution protection legislation – clean air acts

6. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Harmonization of air quality monitoring Daughter Directives (99/30/EC, 2000/69/EC, 2002/3/EC) specify detailed minimum requirements concerning: minimum numbers of monitoring sites in zones and agglomerations basic requirements and site selection criteria both at micro- and macro-scale – traffic/kerb sites data quality objectives general requirements for AQ assessment procedures During the year 2003 the national air quality monitoring network was innovated and optimised reflecting requirements of the EU AQ legislation optimisation of existing networks (reduction of number of automated station from 96 to about 70) installation of new kerbside / traffic stations in agglomerations monitoring of PM 2.5, new instrumentation for PM 10 and PM 2.5 extension of monitoring of benzene (BTX) improvement of monitoring of heavy metals (ICP-AAS/MS) and PAHs

7. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Innovated national air quality monitoring  Operated by CHMI as the authorized organization  About 70 automated monitoring stations throughout the territory of the Czech Republic  On-line data transmission from stations using radio communication  About 40 manual stations (PAHs, HMs..)  Actual information for public and state administration  Location and classification of the stations according to EoI and DDs  Monitored compounds sulphur dioxide nitrogen dioxide / nitrogen oxides PM10 PM2.5 carbon monoxide benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) ozone heavy metals PAHs and chemical composition of precipitation

8. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Air quality assessment should: determine status of air quality in comparison with political targets identify trends/tendencies of pollutant concentrations analyse spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations to: classify air quality in zones and agglomerations identify areas for abatement measures estimate population and ecosystem exposure to air pollution Reports and outputs Annual reports: - Air Quality in the Czech Republic - Air Quality in Data www.chmi.cz - SoER of the Czech Republic Reporting air quality and summer ozone data to EU/EEA according to EoI (97/101/EC) and 2002/3/EC Reporting of air quality in zones and agglomerations Reporting of plans and programs How are monitoring data used? Air quality assessment in the Czech Republic

9. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 EUROPEAN EXCHANGE OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING META-INFORMATION IN 2004; ETC/ACC Technical paper 2006/- European AQ monitoring networks

10. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 How are Airbase data used ? Reports: Air Quality in Europe Environmental Signals SoEOR http://reports.eea.europa.eu/http://reports.eea.europa.eu/http://reports.eea.europa.eu/ EEA Core Set of Indicators http://themes.eea.europa.eu/Environmental_issues/air_quality/indicators Structural indicators Summer Ozone Reports http://reports.eea.europa.eu/index_table?sort=Thematically#air_quality Street Emission Ceilings – Air pollution at street level http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2006_1/en Guidance documents – EU policy support (PM PP) EoI Reports

11. The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Thank you for your attention ! More information: www.eea.europa.int