1. Biology Journal 12/4/2014 What’s the difference between an essential nutrient and a nonessential nutrient? Why are they both “nutrients”? Left: a consumer- guide to healthy or “essential” nutrients. This definition may differ from the biological definition of essential nutrient.

2. D.3 Functions of the liver: The chemical composition of the blood is regulated by the liver. Nature of science: Educating the public on scientific claims—scientific studies have shown that high-density lipoprotein could be considered “good” cholesterol. Understandings:  The liver removes toxins from the blood and detoxifies them.  Components of red blood cells are recycled by the liver.  The breakdown of erythrocytes starts with phagocytosis of red blood cells by Kupffer cells.  Surplus cholesterol is converted to bile salts.  Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in hepatocytes produce plasma proteins.  The liver intercepts blood from the gut to regulate nutrient levels.  Some nutrients in excess can be stored in the liver. Applications and skills: Application: Causes and consequences of jaundice. Application: Given the pressure on health resources, especially the availability of organs for transplant, should an alcoholic be allowed a liver transplant? Application: Dual blood supply to the liver and differences between sinusoids and capillaries. Skill: Temporary mounts of hepatocytes can be prepared from fresh liver. Theory of knowledge: Excessive alcohol consumption may cause liver cirrhosis. Are attitudes to drugs and alcohol an example of something that is relative to culture? Is all knowledge dependent on culture? Topic 6: Human physiology (20 hours)

3. The Liver D.3

4. The liver Recycles erythrocytes (red blood cells) Kupffer cells engulf them through phagocytosis HemeGlobin Amino acids Iron Bilirubin Processing nutrients Glucose Too littleToo much Insulin is released, excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver Glucagon is released, stored glycogen is released as glucose into the blood Store excess iron, vitamins A & D…release it if there is a deficit Lipids Process lipids from one form to another Synthesize cholesterol Use cholesterol to make bile salts Synthesize blood proteins Homeostasis Detoxify blood!

5. Do you think that a person who drinks should be allowed to receive a liver transplant? So, to what extent should the “waiting list” of organ transplants be controlled? Who gets “first in line” and who gets “last in line”? Take a stance on these questions:

6. Do you think that a person who drinks should be allowed to receive a liver transplant? So, to what extent should the “waiting list” of organ transplants be controlled? Who gets “first in line” and who gets “last in line”? Discuss your stance with a partner

7. Do you think that a person who drinks should be allowed to receive a liver transplant? To what extent should the “waiting list” of transplants be controlled. Who gets “first in line” and who gets “last in line”? In your notebook, state your position and briefly outline an argument for your position.

8. Blood Supply to Liver

9. Liver, Cellular Structure

10. Liver