1. Grass-finished Genetics Dan Glenn Deep Grass Graziers

3. Osierfield, GA -pop. 26 -climate zone 8b -45” avg. precip. -sandy loam soils

8. -Forage -Genetics -Management 3 Keys to Success

9. What’s the one genetic trait, without question, that’s most important to the economic success of any cow/calf operation?

10. What’s the one genetic trait, without question, that’s most important to the economic success of any cow/calf operation? FERTILITY

11. -Fertility -Convenience traits -Phenotype -Performance -Carcass -Breed Profitable Longevity

12. Why Fertility? 100 cows @ 1200lbs/cow -wean 50% body weight=600lbs -80% weaning rate=80 calves -48,000lbs x $2.25/lbs. CWT = $108,000 -90% weaning rate=90 calves -54,000lbs x $2.25/lbs. CWT = $121,500 FERTILITY PAYS! $13,500

13. FERTILITY -limit breeding season (23-50 days) -cull opens at preg check -choose heifers from early calving good cows -make cows work in your environment -Bulls get BSE every year

14. CONVENIENCE TRAITS -functional and structural soundness Feet & legs Udder Eyes Disposition

15. Fertility + Convenience traits= Reproductive Longevity Heifer development breaks even around year 5

16. Phenotype the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

17. Who is my market? -wholesale or direct market? -lean/tender or well-marbled/full flavor? -In order to consistently produce well-marbled, tender grass-finished beef, genetics and forage management must be refined. -Animal gains must be consistent and above 1.5lbs/day. The lean/tender market is more forgiving because animals can be harvested earlier (800-1000lbs) and do not require the average daily gain necessary to deposit extra fat.

18. My goal at Deep Grass Graziers is to consistently produce a memorable eating experience. -avg 1.75 lbs. ADG -finish under 24 months -harvest only when finished (brisket and tail rump fat )

19. -Moderate frame -Easy fleshing -Big engine

20. Big Engine girth, capacity,middle

21. Feminine with lots of capacity Not

22. Slick hair coat -fescue tolerance -extreme heat

23. Performance -enough growth to finish timely and efficiently - consider weaning percentage, not weaning weights -can be counter to fertility in programs with intense supplementation or inadequate culling criteria.

24. Fertility+Convenience traits+Performance= Profitable Longevity Production records essential to consider Profitable Longevity

25. Carcass -be wary of single trait selection -mostly important for premium finished market -Yield grade, REA, IMF, Backfat all considerations

26. EPD’S- Expected Progeny Differences

27. Breed Selection “There’s as much variation within breeds as between them.” -Will Harris

28. British Breeds -angus/red angus -hereford -shorthorn -devon, red poll, murray grey, british white, etc.

29. Why British Breeds? -smaller framed -easier fleshing -mature earliest -excellent fertility -higher quality grades Continental Breeds were often bred for triple purpose (meat, milk, draft) and therefore have more growth, muscling, larger frames. Typically improve yield grades and provide hybrid vigor.

30. Hybrid Vigor (Heterosis) the improved function of biological quality in a hybrid offspring. -crossbred calves typically display 2-4% improvement in growth characterstics -crossbred mother’s most notably display a 16% increase in longevity and a 25% increase in cumulative weaning weights. -greatest improvement occurs in first cross -lose consistency

31. Linebreeding breeding to common ancestry to concentrate genetics Prepotency (increased likelihood of transmitting genes) “It’s linebreeding if it works, inbreeding if it doesn’t” -Minnie Lou Bradley Matt Comerford article https://georgiaorganics.org/for-farmers/line-breeding-for-better-livestock/

32. Why is Consistency important for grass-finishing? -consumer expectation (tenderness, size, taste) -management ease (finishing groups, planning forage...) - save your own replacement heifers

33. Roy Beeby’s 6 essentials for producing and maintaining a maternal herd 1. Each year, eliminate any cow that fails to calve trouble free or wean a calf. 2. Select replacement heifer calves from calves that breed early in the calving season and calve unassisted. 3. Keep the bred heifers that breed early in the breeding season and calve unassisted. 4. Select herd sires with acceptable birth weights from the highest producing females in number 1 and number 3 above. 5. Breed the bulls in number 4 above to the females in number 2 and number 3, and continue to practice number 1. 6. Do not engage your cattle in any activity or program that interferes or compromises number 1 through number 5.

34. Questions to ask... -What are my goals? -What is my market/product? cow-calf to grass-finish (direct market or wholesale), market weaned calves, stocker to grass-finish, grass- finish and seedstock, replacement heifers...) Have a plan in place and stick with it. (It’s okay to re-evaluate)

35. Choosing Genetics -look nearby first -choose seedstock operations with similar management ideals -match breeding lines to your goals -ask questions, you are making very important decisions about the future of your herd.

37. Questions? Dan Glenn dan@deepgrassgraziers.com www.sustainablegenetics.com