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Presentation On Numbers Basic Summary: On Numbers By Priyank Shah
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What is a Number ? A number is a mathematical item that is used for counting and measuring. In mathematics, the definition of number has been drawn-out over the years to include such numbers as zero, negative numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and complex numbers.
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Natural numbers The numbers that are familiar to us are the natural numbers or counting numbers: one, two, three, and so on. Usually, the sequence of natural numbers started with 1 (0 was not even considered a number for the Ancient Greeks.) In the 19th century, set theorists and other mathematicians started including 0 in the set of natural numbers The base ten numeral system, is almost universal use today for mathematical operations, the symbols for natural numbers are written using ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. In this base ten system, rightmost digit of a natural number has a place value of one, and every other digit has a place value ten times that of the place value of the digit to its right.
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Integers Integers are formed by the natural numbers (including 0) (0, 1, 2, 3,...) are the positive numbers together with the negatives of the non-zero natural numbers (−1, −2, −3,...).They are Viewed as a subset of the real numbers, they are numbers that can be written without a fractional or decimal component, and fall within the set {..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2,...}. The set of all integers is often denoted by a boldface Z.
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Rational numbers Rational number is a number which can be expressed as a fraction with an integer numerator and a non-zero natural number denominator. Fractions are also written as two numbers, the numerator and the denominator, written as m ⁄ n. m represents same parts, where n equal parts of that size make up one whole. Two different fractions may correspond to the same rational number; for example 1 ⁄ 2 and 2 ⁄ 4 are equal
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Real numbers The real numbers include all of the measuring numbers. Real numbers are usually written using decimal numerals, in which a decimal point is placed to the right of the digit with place value one. Each digit to the right of the decimal point has a place value one- tenth of the place value of the digit to its left. Thus represents 1 hundred, 2 tens, 3 ones, 4 tenths, 5 hundredths, and 6 thousandths. In saying the number, the decimal is read "point", thus: "one two three point four five six ". In the US and UK and a number of other countries, the decimal point is represented by a period, whereas in continental Europe and certain other countries the decimal point is represented by a comma. Zero is often written as 0.0 when it must be treated as a real number rather than an integer. In the US and UK a number between −1 and 1 is always written with a leading zero to emphasize the decimal. Negative real numbers are written with a preceding minus sign: Every rational number is also a real number.
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Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number
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