1. Gated Communities in Latin America

2. Evolution of Gated Communities Nile River Valley Defended against hunter- gatherer tribes

3. Mesopotamia Greek Cities

4. Romans Fortified land of royal and wealthy Early Church

5. New World Settlement Spanish in the Caribbean British settling America

6. Modern day gated community Retirement homes Country Clubs

7. Security Zones Fear of crime and outsiders Strengthen the feeling and function of community Most Common in coastal secondary- home developments with mixed incomes and part and full time residents

8. Prestige Communities Fastest growing development form Services such as gate guards add to the sense of exclusivity Found more among the rising upper-middle class in developing world

9. Lifestyle Communities Suburban gated new-town developments May contain several thousand housing units incorporating residential, commercial, and retail activities within or nearby Popular in Bankok, Jakarta, and Mexico City

10. Gated Communities in Latin America

11. Rise of barrios cerradas or condomínios fechados

12. Locations of barrios cerrados/condomínios fechados Buenos Aires, ArgentinaMexico City, MexicoSão Paulo, Brazil

13. Reasons for Development Political Social Economic Violence

14. Vertical Condo Complex Middle class apartments Walled-in Access controlled by security guards Club like amenities Sports facilities Restaurant Theater Ilha Do Sul – São Paulo

15. Detached single-family houses Built by owners to standards set forth in deed but high value is attached to a house’s personality Common areas and amenities shared by residents Walled and gated Less common type of condo Horizontal Condo Complex

16. Enclosed Neighborhood Existing neighborhoods closed off by street closures Roads remain public property

17. Residents value living among others of the same class. gated communities are by nature exclusionary and homogenous. Residents shy away from undesired interactions, movement, and the unpredictable dangers of the open street. Recently - looser building restrictions and availability of land allow gated communities to be built in the periphery -- where the poor traditionally settled

18. Luxury apartments in São Paulo right next to a favela Individual pools Tennis Courts Another pool and patio 3 maids rooms3 maids rooms Waiting rooms for drivers in basementWaiting rooms for drivers in basement Special rooms for storing crystal, china silver, ectSpecial rooms for storing crystal, china silver, ect Electric fences, video cameras, and private guardsElectric fences, video cameras, and private guards

20. Societal Impact of Gated Communities: Latin America Fortified enclaves: an established component of urban built environment in large cities Quality of inside of fortified enclaves is high Residents of community shielded from violence and crime Social Stratification in housing leads to isolation

21. Political Impact of Gated Communities Tensions (social, economic and political) arises from greater access to resources by residents of gated communities Communities : avisual reminder of inequality Promotes envy Accentuates class warfare Undermines democracy

22. Social Stratification and Fragmentation Flow Chart

23. Distribution of Wealth: Latin America – World