1. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-1 Minimizing Service Loss and Data Theft Securing Network Services

2. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-2 Discovering Neighbors with Cisco Discovery Protocol  Cisco Discovery Protocol runs on Cisco IOS devices.  Summary information includes: –Device identifiers –Address list –Port identifier –Capabilities list –Platform

3. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-3 Neighbor Discovery Protocols  Cisco Discovery Protocol –Cisco Layer 2 protocol –Has additional capabilities (VLAN or PoE negotiation) –Enabled by default  LLDP –Standard-based Layer 2 protocol –Disabled by default  Provides a summary of directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices  Discovers neighbor devices regardless of which protocol suite they are running

4. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-4 Cisco Discovery Protocol Configuration switch(config)# [no] cdp run switch(config-if)# [no] cdp enable switch# show cdp neighbor [detail] switch# show cdp neighbor Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - Phone, D - Remote, C - CVTA, M - Two-port Mac Relay Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID c2960-8 Fas 0/8 168 S I WS-C2960- Fas 0/8

5. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-5 LLDP Configuration switch(config)# [no] lldp run switch(config-if)# [no] lldp enable switch# show lldp neighbor [detail] switch# show lldp neighbor Capability codes: (R) Router, (B) Bridge, (T) Telephone, (C) DOCSIS Cable Device (W) WLAN Access Point, (P) Repeater, (S) Station, (O) Other Device ID Local Intf Hold-time Capability Port ID c2960-8 Fa0/8 120 B Fa0/8 Total entries displayed: 1

6. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-6 Vulnerabilities of Discovery Protocols

7. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-7 Vulnerabilities of the Telnet Protocol The Telnet connection sends text unencrypted and potentially readable.

8. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-8 About SSH SSH replaces the Telnet session with an encrypted connection.

9. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-9 Configuration of SSH  Configure username and password.  Configure domain name.  Generate RSA keys. –SSH process is automatically started.  Allow SSH protocol on vty lines. switch(config)# username xyz password abc123 switch(config)# ip domain-name xyz.com switch(config)# crypto key generate rsa switch(config)# ip ssh version 2 switch(config)# line vty 0 15 switch(config-line)# login local switch(config-line)# transport input ssh

10. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-10 Configuration of vty ACLs  Create standard or extended IP ACL.  Configure access-class on line vty.

11. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-11 Configuration of an HTTP Server  Configure username and password.  Configure domain name.  Generate RSA keys.  Enable HTTPS (SSL) server.  Configure HTTP authentication.  Configure an access list to limit access. sw(config)# access-list 100 permit ip 10.1.9.0 0.0.0.255 any sw(config)# username xyz password abc123 sw(config)# ip domain-name xyz.com sw(config)# crypto key generate rsa sw(config)# no ip http server sw(config)# ip http secure-server sw(config)# http access-class 100 in sw(config)# http authentication local

12. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-12 Switch Security Recommendations Secure switch access  Configure system passwords.  Authenticate admin access via TACACS+ server.  Configure encrypted or hashed passwords.  Secure physical access to the console.  Secure Telnet access with ACL.  Use SSH when possible.  Use HTTPS (SSL) when possible.  Configure system-warning banners.  Use syslog to log system messages.  Disable unused services.

13. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-13 Switch Security Recommendations (Cont.) Secure switch protocols  Trim Cisco Discovery Protocol and LLDP and use only as needed.  Secure spanning tree. Mitigate compromises through a switch  Take precautions for trunk links.  Minimize physical port access.  Establish standard access port configuration for both unused and used ports.  Shut down unused ports.

14. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-14 Summary  Cisco Discovery Protocol / LLDP packets can expose some network information.  Authentication information and data carried in Telnet sessions is vulnerable.  SSH provides a more secure option for Telnet.  vty ACLs should be used to limit Telnet access to switch devices.  Web service should be secured by using HTTPS and limiting who should access the web server and from where.  Sound security measures and trimming of unused applications are recommended.

15. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SWITCH v1.0—7-15