1. DO NOW: Journal #2- Describe in 3-4 sentences what you think life was like as a soldier during the Civil War. Then, describe what you think life was like for those left at home throughout the war in another 3-4 sentences. LIFE DURING THE CIVIL WAR

2.  1862 – Congress passed a law allowing Blacks to serve  After the Emancipation Proclamation, many more enlisted  Only 1% of population, 10% of enlistment  Former slaves from Confederacy, namely VA, MD, PA.  Discrimination:  Served in separate regiments with White officers,  Earned $3 less/month with no clothing allowance.  Assigned to labor duty in germ-ridden areas, caught deadly diseases.  Congress equalized pay in 1864 AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE FIGHT

3.  As POW of Confederates, usually executed, unlike whites.  Ex. Fort Pillow – massacred 200 African Americans  Did slaves fight in the South?  Confederacy considered drafting slaves and free blacks (1863 and 1864)  For: Since slaves “cause the fight” they should fight it  Against: If slaves make good soldiers, our idea of slavery is wrong.  South armed slaves in 1865 as the Confederacy grew desperate.

4.  As Union army came closer, thousands of slaves resisted owners and awaited their freedom to go North  Many others did not perform their tasks, or destroyed plows and fences, didn’t feed livestock—only women and children were left as overseers  In some areas, slave resistance led to violence  Southerners increased slave patrols and spread rumors about how Union soldiers abused runaways  By 1864, Southerners realized slavery was doomed. SLAVE RESISTANCE IN CONFEDERACY

5.  Food shortages due to:  Drain of manpower into the army  Union occupation of food-growing areas  Loss of slaves to work in fields  Spent from $6.85 on food per month to $68 a month  Caused bread riots, broken up by Jefferson Davis  Some Confederate storage of rice released  Union blockade of ports caused other shortages (salt, sugar, coffee, nails, needles, medicines)  Caused smuggling of goods into North in exchange of gold SOUTHERN ECONOMY

6.  Army’s demand for goods supported factories, boomed industries  Farmers needed equipment since no workers, benefitted manufacturers  Wages did not keep up with prices, standard of living declined  Strikers replaced with blacks, immigrants, women, and boys to replace them with lower pay  Created first income tax to tap into economic wealth to help pay for war. NORTHERN GROWTH

7.  Many contractors who made military items cheated by creating cheap goods.  Blankets would often fall apart quickly, disintegrate  Passed spoiled meat as fresh “SHODDY” BUSINESS

8.  Heavy casualties  Filthy surroundings  garbage, bathroom designations (open pits), showers  Body lice, dysentery, diarrhea  Limited Diet  Beans, bacon, pickled beef, hardtack (hard biscuits)  “Cush”- beef and cornbread crumbled into bacon grease (stew)  Inadequate medical care FIGHTING ON THE LINE

9.  Andersonville – Confederate Prison in GA  33,000 men into 26 acres  No shelter from sun of rain  No food  Water source was sewer source  1/3 prisoners died  Henry Wirz, camp commander was executed as war criminal  North camps no better, especially since southerners not accustomed to cold  Halted prisoner exchanges, got more overcrowded. POW

10.  Movement to improve hygienic conditions of camps in the North through US Sanitary Commission (set up by women and doctors)  Teach soldiers how to avoid polluting water supply  Hospital trains and ships to transport wounded men  Clara Barton  War nurse, collected supplies, cared for sick/wounded  Effects: Considerable improvement in Union death rate for the time  Improvement of opportunities for women CLARA BARTON/SANITARY COMMISSION/ WOMEN