1. Mini Test!
When: Wednesday 4/8/15
What: Breed ID and Characteristics of Polled Hereford, Angus, Brahman

2. Beef, it’s what’s for dinner

3. What is a Breed? a group of animals that have certain traits in common
color
size
body structure
place of origin
horned or polled

4. What is a Purebred?
animals of known ancestry where all parents etc. are of the same breed
Breed associations register purebred animals, develop markets for those animals, and organize breed shows

5. What is Crossbreeding?
mating animals of the same species, but different breeds
Angus mated to Hereford
crossbreed to achieve desired animal traits

6. The Industry Average US herd is 100 head
Over 40 breeds in the US, as well as crosses

7. Texas Longhorn

8. What are the English Beef Breeds?
Hereford - Red & white, horned or polled
most popular in the U.S.
Angus - bred to compete with Hereford
smaller cows and calves
excellent conformation (body type)
marbled meat
resistant to pinkeye & cancer eye (due to black)
Shorthorn - dual purpose breed (meat/milk)
Largest segment of the industry

9. Hereford

10. Polled Hereford

11. Angus

12. Shorthorn

13. Other Beef Breeds Brahman - from France
hot & humid climates
disease resistant
Charolais - large & long body, fast growth
used to increase size of English breeds
increasing in popularity due to low marbling
Santa Gertrudis - 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 shorthorn
popular in southern U.S.
Brangus - 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 Angus

14. Brahman

15. Charolais

16. Santa Gertrudis

17. Brangus

18. What are Exotics? animals not common to U.S.
used for increasing calf weights
importation laws restrict bringing exotics into the U.S.

19. Beefalo

20. Beefmaster

21. Belgian Blue

22. Belted Galloway

23. Chianina

24. Dexter

25. Galloway

26. Gelbvieh

27. Highland

28. Limousin

29. Simmental

30. South Devon

31. Beef Production Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves
Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings
Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house

32. Beef Production Cow-Calf: most common need range land
calve in spring, sell calves in fall
feed 2# roughages per 100# of cow weight in winter (extra for cold weather)
supplement with needed proteins, minerals, vitamins
feed best hay to those that need it the most (pregnant, lactating, heifers)
lots of clean water & free choice salt

33. Stocker
Step between weaning and finishing or fattening of the animals prior to slaughter
Weaned calves put to pasture for skeletal and muscular growth. Must be physically mature to go to feedlot

34. Feedlot Finishing place calves in feedlot 500-700#
feed high concentrates (grain) 2-4 months
slaughter at #

35. Beef Terminology A Mature Male is called a: Bull
A Mature Female is called a:
Cow
The act of Giving Birth is called:
Calving
Gestation =
283 days
A Castrated Male is called a:
Steer
An Immature Female is called a:
Heifer
Beef Terminology

36. Evaluating Meat Animals
Loin Eye Area
Length of Loin
Rump
Height
Depth of Body
Width/Stockiness

37. Let’s do the sheep and pigs!