1. Typography - continue K1066BI – Graphical Design Teppo Räisänen Teppo.raisanen@oamk.fi

2. Typography

3. From Greek words ▫τύπος (typos) = form ▫γραφή (graphy) = writing It is the art and technique of arranging type, type design, and modifying type glyphs ▫Representing spoken language in written form

4. Typography The earliest surviving European letterforms are Greek letters carved in stone ▫800 BC The Roman Empire adopted the letters from Greek ▫700 BC The Romans developed them into what is know as a roman type ▫Also known as Latin letter

5. Typography Duenos inscription 600 BC A B C D E F Z H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X

6. Typography

7. The Roman type started as capitals ▫Inscriptions on buildings and monuments were written with CAPITAL LETTERS Today this is known as uppercase Lowercase letters evolved from handwritten text ▫200-300 BC

8. Typography

9. Typical to Roman type is the use of serifs TEPPO

10. Typography In computer era the use of sans-serifs has increased ▫Sans = without, sans-sefir = without serifs ▫They are typically easier to read from computer screen

11. Typography Letters were carved to stone with a hammer and a chisel ▫We can practice this with Paint

12. Typography In computer era the use of sans-serifs has increased ▫They are typically easier to read from computer screen TEPPO

13. Typography Sans-serif types are new invention (200 years) TEPPO The use of serifs is much older (2000 years) TEPPO

14. Typography Terms ▫UPPERCASE / lowercase ▫S MALL CAPITALS ▫Serif / Sans-serif ▫Italic (oblique) ▫Bold

15. Typography Uppercase and numbers ▫Numbers have uppercase and lowercase, too ▫If we use uppercase letters we should use uppercase numbers  NOT LIKE THIS 1938 ▫Many times computer fonts do not have both uppercase and lowercase numbers

16. Typography Other terms

17. Typography Point ▫Smallest unit of measure ▫Abbreviated as pt ▫In desktop publishing 1 point is 1/72 of an inch ▫1 point = 0.3527 mm Pica = 12 points Word, InDesign etc measure font sizes in points

18. Typography The size is measure from descent to ascent ▫Usually designers leave little bit room above ascender and below descender

19. Typography The size is measure from descent to ascent ▫Usually designers leave little bit room above ascender and below descender Font size

20. Typographic contrast Good typography is both art and communication Besides different types, we can also use contrast ▫One of the main techniques In typography we can change ▫Size ▫Shape ▫Weight ▫Color

21. Size contrast Size change should be more than 10% Usually we should not use too big size difference ▫20% is usually enough, e.g. Heading could be 12 points, body of text 10 points

22. Size contrast 20% constrast: I saw a big cat

23. Size contrast Of course sometimes you want to over emphasize: I saw a big cat

24. Shape contrast For shape contrast use two very different types ▫Italic and normal text ▫Uppercase and lowercase ▫Strong sans-serif and light/italic serif

25. Shape contrast Graphical Design PANoulu The Guardian

26. Weight contrast We can also change the font’s weight oneworld BELL SOUTH

27. Weight contrast We can also change the font’s weight oneworld BELL SOUTH You should not use this too much Usually italic is better than bold

28. Color contrast Finally, you can change the colors to create contrast We will speak of the use of colors more in later lectures Ecotone

29. Contrast Always use contrast with care It is very EASY to use it too much

31. Typography Operating systems usually come with pre- installed fonts ▫All the normal fonts are usually there ▫If we want some special fonts we have to install them