1. Laboratory Skills
Chapter 2: Background

2. Laboratory Safety Personal protective equipment (PPE) Safety cabinets
Glasses vs. goggles
Gloves
Lab coat
Face shields
Safety cabinets
Location and function of
Gas shutoffs
Fire extinguishers
Fire blankets
Eyewash/shower

3. Laboratory Notebooks Importance of recording actual data as it happens
Format
Purpose

4. Laboratory Notebooks What to include Numbered procedures Tables
Calculations with all math and units displayed
Sketches, model numbers, etc.
Signatures
To and from pages

5. Equipment
Graduated cylinders

6. Equipment
Volumetric flasks

7. Equipment
Serological pipets

8. Equipment
Pipet pumps

9. Equipment
Transfer pipets

10. Equipment
Burette

11. Equipment
Adjustable-volume micropipets

12. Equipment
Erlenmeyer flask

13. Equipment
Reagent bottles

14. Equipment
Triple beam balance
Photo courtesy of Ohaus Corporation

15. Equipment
Electronic balance

16. Using an Electronic Balance
Play video: Using an Electronic Balance

17. Equipment
Weigh boats

18. Equipment
pH meters

19. Using a pH Meter
Play video: Using a pH Meter

20. Equipment
Autoclave

21. Washing Glassware
Add small amount of laboratory soap and use a brush to make sure all surfaces are washed
Rinse with tap water until no suds are evident, usually at least 3 times
Rinse twice with distilled water
Air-dry or use oven to dry

22. Labeling Name of solution Concentration Date made
Name of person who made it
Potential hazards if necessary

23. Hazards
Universal hazards label

24. Significant Figures
Rule 1: The number of significant figures is the number of digits to the right of the first non-zero number.

25. Significant Figures
Rule 2: When adding or subtracting numbers, the resulting numbers cannot have any more significant figures to the right of the decimal point than any value used in the calculation.

26. Significant Figures
Rule 3: When multiplying or dividing numbers, the answer cannot have any more significant figures than the value in the calculation with the fewest significant figures.

27. Sig Fig Practice

28. Scientific Notation
Shorthand method to display numbers that convey their level of precision
Uses a number that is multiplied by 10 raised to a positive or negative number

29. Units of Measure
Metric prefixes and suffixes

30. Scientific Notation Practice

31. Preparing Solutions
Percent solutions
Mass per Volume (m/v)

32. Percent Solution Practice
Go to 4 min

33. Preparing Solutions
Percent solutions
Volume per Volume (v/v)

34. Percent Solutions Practice
2 Min

35. Preparing Solutions
Dilutions

36. Preparing Solutions
Molar solutions
Proportional method

37. Preparing Solutions
Molar solutions
Unit cancellation method

38. Diluting Molar Solutions
Molar dilutions

39. Chapter 2 Summary PPE Equipment and Locations Containers Uses
Safety
PPE
Equipment and Locations
Equipment
Containers
Uses
Numbers and Accuracy
Significant Figures
Scientific Notation
Making Solutions
Molar Solutions
Dilutions

40. Gram Staining http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=208&cnt=1