1. Fig
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3. Fig
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4. Elephantiasis: The swelling results from blocked lymphatic vessels
12.48.jpg

6. The distribution of blood flow at rest and during exercise.
Note how blood conditioning organs (the kidneys and abdominal organs)
are able to withstand a significant reduction in blood flow during exercise.

7. The vascular system Arteries Low resistance conduits Highly elastic
Arterioles
Major site where total peripheral resistance (TPR) is controlled
Control of blood flow to organs and tissues
Capillaries and venules
Exchange of nutrients, waste, and fluid between the blood and interstitium
Largest cross-sectional area and slowest flow
Veins
Low resistance conduits that return blood to the heart
Blood storage reservoir – can be mobilized as needed

8. The Skeletal Muscle Pump

9. An Aortic Aneurysm

10. Varicose Veins

11. Fig
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12. Cardiac Muscle
Body/ x.cardiac-muscle.1.jpg

15. Normal ECG (a), partial AV block(b) complete AV block (c)

16. Atrial Fibrillation

17. Two normal beats, followed by ventricular fibrillation

20. Heart Sounds

21. Heart Sounds S1 and S2 are normal S3 and S4 are abnormal

22. Extra Diastolic Sounds: S3
S3 is produced by the tensing of the chordae tendineae, which occurs during rapid filling and expansion of the ventricles.
Common in children and young adults – the flexible ventricles of young people can expand rapidly.
In middle-aged or older adults often indicates excessive volume in the ventricles, which usually indicates heart failure.

23. Extra Diastolic Sounds: S4
Produced by the left or right venticle contracting against a stiffened ventricle
Usually indicates a loss of compliance of the ventricle due to ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial ischemia

24. The heart murmur associated with mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse causes a late systolic murmur

25. Mitral Valve Prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse is an example of valve insufficiency. Abnormally shaped valve leaflets are pushed into the left atrium during late systole.

26. The length-tension relationship

32. Children with Kwashiorkor