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These notes go on pages 5 and 7 of your INB!
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http://www.mii.org/www.mii.org
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Between 2 - 3,000 have been identified A few are “native elements” -- made of only one element, such as sulfur, gold. copper, and graphite (carbon) Most are compounds, especially the silicate group (Si, O). Other important groups are oxides, carbonates, and sulfides
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Remember the acronym ISODA! 1)I norganic 2)S olid 3)O ccurs Naturally 4)D efined chemical composition 5)A rranged in a crystal
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grouped by the elements they are made of most abundant group are silicates, which are most of the rock-forming minerals Silver Ruby Copper
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Mineral Group Elements & Characteristics Examples Silicates contain O and Si most abundant group Quartz Mica Feldspars MICA QUARTZ
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Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Carbonates C and O make up karst topography, which includes caves Calcite (SiO 3 ) Calcite with Duftite inclusions
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Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Oxides metallic ion and O Hematite (Fe 2 )O 3
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Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Sulfides S and a metallic ion Galena (PbS)
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Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Native Elements single elements from the periodic table Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)
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Quartz Feldspar (group) Muscovite (white mica) Biotite (black mica) Calcite Pyroxene Olivine Amphibole (group ) Magnetite, limonite, and other iron oxides Pyrite
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hardness crystal shape (form) luster color streak cleavage/fracture density or specific gravity special properties --reaction to acid --fluorescence --salty taste --magnetism
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least useful property for identification: 1. some minerals have more than one color 2. more than one type of mineral can have the same color
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describes how light reflects off the surface Main categories are metallic and non- metallic Non-metallic includes: dull, glassy, waxy, pearly, earthy
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ability to scratch another mineral Mohs hardness scale from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond) Quartz (most common mineral and most dust particles) is a 7
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We use a scratch plate to determine hardness.
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color of the powder when rubbed on a streak plate (unglazed porcelain) “true color” may be same as hand-specimen or different mineral must be softer than the streak plate
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Some minerals split along flat surfaces when struck hard-- cleavage Other minerals break unevenly along rough or curved surfaces-- fracture few minerals have both cleavage and fracture
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1. 4. 3. 2.
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All minerals have density (mass / volume), but some are very dense Specific Gravity is the density of the mineral compared with density of water (1 g/ml)
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1. Acid Test: some minerals react to a dilute acid by fizzing (e.g. Carbonate mineral group) 2. Smell: some have a very distint smell (e.g. Sulfur) 3. Taste: certain taste (e.g. Halite, which tastes salty) 4. Attraction to magnets (e.g. magnetite & other iron minerals) 5. Fluorescence is when minerals glow under UV light
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