1. Lesson: Preventive Health Programs
Unit – Veterinary Foundations
Course – Veterinary Science
Mr. Dieckhoff

2. Vaccinations The Immune System Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease
Video:
Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

3. Vaccinations
Types
Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical
Advantages – do not replicate
Disadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of allergic reactions
Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild (attenuation – changing disease)
Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is required
Disadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for hours
Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful

4. Vaccinations Maternal Antibodies Colostrum Temporary (only 6-8 weeks)
Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because clash with maternal antibodies
Very important to make sure mothers are up to date with vaccinations

5. Canine Diseases & Vaccinations
DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper Combination)
Distemper
Hepatitis
Leptospirosis
Parainfluenza
Parvo
Corona (C or CV)

6. Distemper Attacks Respiratory and Neurological Systems Symptoms –
thick discharge from eye
High fever
Leads to death
Spread by raccoon, foxes, coyotes, other dogs

7. Hepatitis (Type 2) Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Attacks liver and kidneys
Symptoms –
High Fever
Loss of appetite
Extreme Lethargy
Leads to death

8. Leptospirosis Microscopic corkscrew bacteria Spread through urine
Common in rural areas around livestock
Symptoms –
Loss of apetite
Fever
Vomiting
Leads to Death
Vaccinate has large side effects

9. Parainfluenza Attacks respiratory system Combines with Bordetella
Contagious in poor air circulation
Symptoms –
Persistent cough

10. Parvo Most commonly seen (especially in 1970s)
Attacks digestive system
Transmitted through stool
Symptoms –
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
Kills lining of small intestine

11. Corona (C or CV)
Mild case of Parvo
Symptoms
Diarrhea without blood

12. Rabies Concentrates in saliva Ends in brain (paralysis/death)
Transmitted by foxes, skunks, bats, coyotes
Symptoms –
Cannot swallow
Large amount of saliva
Aggressive temper

13. Bordetella (Kennel Cough)
Not deadly, but easily spread
Common in kennels, dog shows, groomers
Symptoms –
Deep cough
Vaccines – injectable and intranasal

14. Lyme Disease Transmitted by ticks High in hunting dogs Symptoms –
Fever
Lameness
Swollen Joints

15. Giardia Protozoan found in stagnant water supplies Symptoms –
Severe diarrhea
Rancid Odor

16. Cat Diseases and Vaccines
FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine)
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
Calicivirus
Panleukopenia
Chlamydia (optional)

17. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
Symptoms –
Sneezing
Discharge from eyes and nose
Lifelong symptoms

18. Calicivirus
Cause oral ulcers
Symptoms –
Cold-like
Pneumonia

19. Panleukopenia Feline distemper Spread by water, urine, fleas
Symptoms –
Loss of appetite
Lethargy
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
Abortion

20. Chlamydia
Symptoms –
Severe eye infection
Sneezing

21. Rabies (RV)
Same as dogs

22. Feline Leukemia - FeLV Inhibits immune system Caused by facial contact
Symptoms will show secondary disease

23. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Transmitted by fecal matter
Ascites (bloated) – fluid build up in belly
Given Intranaselly
Symptoms –
Fever
Weight Loss

24. Vaccine Schedules Vaccinating a Puppy Vaccinating an Adult Dog
Start 6-8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming, 1st puppy shot
Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks
Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks)
Vaccinating an Adult Dog
2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4 wks apart
Rabies start at wks of age, repeat every 1-3 years
Vaccinating a Cat
3-4 week interval
Start at 7-9 weeks of age
Finish kitten vaccines at wks of age

25. Tips to Handling Vaccines
Always keep refrigerated
Always use new needles or syringes
Always reconstitute properly
Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to withdrawing
Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines
Never mix inappropriate vaccines
Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area
Inject vaccine slowly
Rub injected area
Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of vaccination

26. Hearthworm Prevention
An infection of Dironfilaria Immitic
Spaghetti-like worm
Live in Blood Stream
Symptoms –
Coughing
Weigh-Loss
Labored Breathing
Spitting Up Blood
Death

27. Heartworm Prevention
See handout

28. What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called?
Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response?
What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy?
Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for a day or so?
List a prominent symptom of each disease:
Distemper
Parvo
Rabies
Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs?
How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another?
Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to people?
At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination?
Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance?
How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat?
FIP, if given, is administered in what location?
Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or puppy?
How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination series?
At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series?
If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for additional boosters?
When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats?
Review Questions – 17 Pts