1. Solar Energy Terri Fiez Head & Professor, School of EECS Co-founder Azuray Technologies

2. What Has Changed???? Unprecedented Growth in Population in Population& Urbanization Urbanization

5. Tipping Point: The China Miracle

6. U.S. Supplies 50% of its Energy with Coal China Supplies 80% of its Energy with Coal

7. Are We Doomed?

8. Energy Security

9. Clean Tech is Cool

10. Why Solar? It’s Free!! On a bright, sunny day, the sun shines approximately 1,000 watts of energy per square meter of the planet's surface, and if we could collect all of that energy we could easily power our homes and offices for free.

11. How Does Solar Work? Energy in the form of photons causes charges to be excited in a semiconductor – electrical current flows

12. Mono-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (15-22% Efficient) Cross Section of Solar Cell Completed Solar Cell

13. Other Solar Technologies Polycrystalline Silicon Flexible Thin Film Thin Film

14. Solar Installations

15. Balance of System Everything but the Solar Panel – Wiring – DC-AC Converter – Combiner boxes – Racking & mounting – Etc.

16. Solar Energy Conversion to Grid Today’s SystemFuture System DC Inverter AC Grid or User AC Grid or User Micro-inverter

17. Is Solar PV Too Expensive? What about government subsidies? Energy Tax Credits as much as 50% of system…

18. Solar from 1973 to Today Manufacturing from 1MW  100MW 18 $300/kg  $30/kg 3 inches in diameter Now 8” Sawn one at a time Now < $0.25/W Thinner wafers: 15 mil → 10 mil 0.5 watts each  3W $100/watt  $1-$5/watt $200/watt  $7/watt Wafered Silicon Process PolysiliconWafer Solar CellSolar ModuleSystems Ingot Source Modified from: Dick Swansen, SunPower

19. Solar Panel Cost Drops by 19% with Each Doubling in Manufacturing Capacity 1 10 100 110100100010000 Cumulative Production (MW) Module Price (2002$) 1979 $32/W 2002 $3.10/W Silicon Shortage 81% Progress Ratio Solar reducing from $0.18/kWhr to $0.09 /kWhr by 2012 World’s Energy Supplied by Solar: 0.06% in 2008 -- Projected 9% in 2030

20. Solar Cell/Module Production 20 Source: Good Energies

21. Cost & Benefit of Solar Palm Springs, CA Portland, OR Redding, CA Newark, NJ Flagstaff, AZ Scottsdale, AZ 572 252 449 281 528 553 0.14 0.07 0.14 0.1726 0.0999 0.0999 kWhr/YrAvg $/kWhr

22. 22 Historical PV Landscape EraMain PlayersCharacteristics 1975-1985Small Start-ups –Solar Technology International → ARCO –Solar Power Corp. → Exxon –Solarex → BP –Tyco → Mobile Rapid Growth Development of technology paradigm 1985-1995Oil Companies –ARCO –Exxon –BP –Mobile –Shell Moderate growth Search for market Massive losses Few start-ups Source : Dick Swansen, SunPower

23. 23 Historical PV Landscape EraMain PlayersCharacteristics 1995 – 2005Japanese Companies –Sharp –Sanyo –Kyocera Emergence of residential roof market Improved manufacturing 2000 -Entrepreneurial Co’s –Q-Cells (Germany) –Scanwafer (Norway) –Solar World (Germany) –Evergreen (US) –SunPower (US) –Suntech (China) –MiaSole (US) –Nanosolar (US) Explosive growth Profitability Technology evolution Source : Dick Swansen, SunPower

24. Recent Industry Milestones 1999: 1 GW accumulated module production 2001: More square inches of silicon used than in entire microelectronics industry 2004: 1 GW production during year 2006: More tons of silicon used than in microelectronics 24 Source: Dick Swansen, SunPower

25. Solar PV Early in Growth Cycle 25 Source: Good Energies

26. Large Solar Installations 26 Bavaria SolarPark, Germany (10MW)

27. Wind and Solar Production Source: Hal LaFlash, PG&E

28. Oregon Reinvents Itself… Forestry Silicon Forest Solar Forest