1. Gender Convergence and Role Equity
Chapter 4
Gender Convergence and Role Equity

2. Chapter Outline
Male - Masculine and Female - Feminine: Not Necessarily So
How Sex and Gender Identity Develop
Role Equity
Traditional Gender Roles

3. Chapter Outline Changing Male and Female Roles Gender Role Stereotypes
The Movement toward Gender Equality

4. Male = Masculine and Female = Feminine: Not Necessarily So
There is controversy about the answers to questions about gender.
The differences between the sexes are lessening, and the similarities are increasing.

5. Gender Identity
A person’s gender identity is how that person views him-/herself:
“Am I a man or woman, masculine or feminine?”

6. Social Norms and Roles
Norms are accepted and expected patterns of behavior and beliefs established either formally or informally by a group.
Roles involve activities demanded by the norms.

7. How Sex and Gender Identity Develop
Sex is genetically determined at conception.
Hormones secreted by glands directed by the genetic configuration produce physical differences.
Society defines, prescribes, and reinforces the gender-role aspect of sexual identity.

8. Contributing Factors Biological Contributions
Environmental Contributions
Gender Differences

9. Biological Contributions
Every human starts with the potential of becoming either male or female.
As a fully differentiated adult each still carries the biological rudiments of the opposite sex.

10. Sexuality
Intersexual: A person who has biological characteristics of both sexes.
Transsexual: A person who feels psychologically that he or she is actually of the opposite gender.
Transvestite: A person who gains sexual pleasure from dressing like the opposite sex.

11. Environmental Contributions
Once a baby is born, society begins to teach the infant its proper gender role and reinforce its sexual identity.

12. Normal Curves of Most Gender Characteristics

13. Role Equity
When men and women are freer to choose gender roles for themselves, especially within intimate relationships like marriage, their chances for success and fulfillment increase.

14. Role Equity What is role equity?
When the roles one fulfills are based on individual strengths and weaknesses,rather than on stereotypical differences between the sexes.
What is androgyny?
The blending of traits associated with the sexes by society.
I couldn’t remember if you said to keep this structure or simplify it.

15. Changing Male and Female Roles
The women’s movement has focused attention on gender inequalities and has energized efforts to reduce these inequalities.
As women change their roles, the masculine role also changes.
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16. The Movement toward Gender Equality
To say that men and women are equal in all ways overlooks the advantageous, and disadvantageous, differences between the sexes.
To say that one sex is better than the other because of those differences is stereotyping at its worst.
Masculinity and femininity are not polar opposites; most of us are both masculine and feminine, depending on the situation.

17. Quick Quiz

18. 1. The blending of traits associated with the sexes is called
Androgyny
Transvestitism
Transsexualism
Intersexualism

19. Answer: a
The blending of traits associated with the sexes is called androgyny.

20. 2. Accepted and expected patterns of behavior and beliefs established either formally or informally by a group are called
Socialization
Norms
Roles
Gender

21. Answer: b
Accepted and expected patterns of behavior and beliefs established either formally or informally by a group are called norms.

22. 3. Gender Identity is the process by which sex is determined.
the same as stereotypical gender roles.
how that person views him-/herself.
the idea that men and women are equal.

23. Answer: c
Gender identity is how that person views him-/herself.