1. REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

2. Male Reproductive System

3. Male Reproductive System (frontal view)
See p. 62 in Review book

4. Male Reproductive System
Scrotum – sac of skin that holds testes. Hangs below body to keep testes cool. Sperm cannot be produced if body is too warm. Testes move into scrotum just before birth.
Testis/testes – male gonads. Made up of small, coiled tubes – seminiferous tubules per testis. Immature sperm made here.
Secrete testosterone
3. Semen – a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system.

5. Male Reproductive System
Epididymis – storage area in upper rear of testis. Immature sperm move here to mature – takes 18 hours.
Vas deferens – tube that leads upwards from each testis into lower part of abdomen from epididymis.
Cowper’s gland – produces fluids that nourish sperm and protect them from the acidity of female.
Combination of sperm and fluids - semen

6. Male Reproductive System
6. Rectum – holds wastes
7. Seminal vesicles – same job as Cowper’s gland
8. Urinary bladder – stores urine
9. Prostate gland – same job as Cowper’s gland and seminal vesicles
10. Urethra – passageway for excretion of urine and for sperm to leave body. Vas deferens empties into urethra

7. Male Reproductive System
11. Penis – male reproductive organ. Facilitates internal fertilization
Ejaculation – muscular contractions force semen through urethra. Before, during and after ejaculation reflex actions keep outlet of bladder closed

8. Caring for Male Reproductive System
Get regular checkups
Bathe regularly
Wear protective gear
Perform regular self-examinations
Practice abstinence

9. Female Reproductive System
oviduct
ovary
Urinary bladder
uterus
urethra
rectum
cervix
vagina

10. Female Reproductive System (frontal view)

11. Female Reproductive System
Ovary – female gonads. Secrete estrogen – produces secondary characteristics, menstrual cycle
Produces eggs – 2 ovaries 4cms long, 2 cms wide

12. Follicles – each ovary contains 200,000 egg sacs called follicles
Follicles – each ovary contains 200,000 egg sacs called follicles. In each follicle is an immature egg.
- All the eggs are present at birth. During the woman’s lifetime 500 eggs mature
- When an egg matures, follicle moves to surface of ovary.
- Follicle breaks & releases the egg – ovulation
- Egg can be fertilized for about 24 hours after ovulation

13. Female Reproductive System
2. Oviduct (fallopian tube) – Each ovary is near but not connected to oviduct. Tube with funnel-like opening. Cilia line it to create a current that draws the egg into the tube. Egg is fertilized in the oviduct
3. Uterus – thick, muscular, pear-shaped organ. Once egg is fertilized it finishes its development in uterus attached to uterine wall

14. Female Reproductive System
4. Urinary bladder – storage of urine
5. Urethra – passage of urine to outside of body
6. Vagina (birth canal) – leads to outside of body
7. Cervix – narrow neck of uterus
8. Rectum – passage for wastes

15. The Menstrual Cycle What is the menstrual cycle?
Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from the ovary and the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg
Menarche: first menstrual period – usually occurs between 11 and 12
Menopause: time when a woman stops menstruating, usually between 45 & 55 and is no longer able to conceive.

16. Fertilization
The joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell – can result if ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse.

17. Ovulation to Implantation
Ovary – produces estrogen & progesterone – meiosis occurs & egg develops
Egg matures in follicle of ovary
Ovulation – egg or mature ovum released from follicle – may live for 24 hours – each month
- egg moves into fallopian tube by cilia

18. Ovulation to Implantation
Events in fallopian tube
Fertilization occurs here. Sperm lives 4-5 days (egg lives 1 day)
Zygote undergoes mitosis & travels down fallopian tube within 6-10 days. Zygote is ready to implant into uterus.

19. Ovulation to Implantation
Events in uterus
Implantation – embryo implants/embeds into uterine lining & secretes hormone HCG to signal its arrival
Cell Differentiation – cells divide by mitosis & become different due to gene expression. Different embryo parts will form.

21. Menstrual Cycle Animation

22. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Definition: Disease spread from one person to another during sexual contact
Types of STDs: gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, genital herpes, HIV, trichomonas
Reducing Risky Behavior
a. Avoid sexual contact
b. Avoid intravenous drug use

23. Child with gonorrheal infection in the eyes

24. Advanced syphilis

25. Genital herpes

26. Other Issues - MEN
Inguinal Hernia – a separation of tissue that allows part of the intestine to push into the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum
Lump in the groin near thigh
Pain in the groin
Partial or complete blockage of the intestine (severe cases)
Surgery is usually necessary for repair.

27. Other Issues - MEN Sterility – inability to reproduce
Males: too few sperm – fewer than 20 million per milliliter of fluid.
Environmental Hazards
Exposure to X-rays/Radiation
Toxic Chemicals
Lead
Hormonal Imbalances
Medications
Use of Drugs
Anabolic Steroids
STDs/Mumps as adult

28. Other Issues - MEN Testicular Cancer Prostate Problems
Males ages years.
Factors increase risk
Warning Signs:
Painless/swollen lump
Pain or discomfort in scrotum or testicle
Undescended testicle
Abnormal development
Family history
Prostate Problems
Can become enlarged as a result of infection, tumor, and age-related problems.
Presses against urethra
Difficult urination

29. Other Issues - Women Menstrual Cramps
Vaginitis – irritation of the vagina due to yeast or bacteria (can cause infertility if not treated)
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

30. Problems Related to Infertility
Endometriosis – tissue grows outside of the uterus
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

31. Female Reproductive Disorders
Blocked Fallopian Tube Ovarian Cysts Cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancer