1. Natural Resource: Fishing

2. East Coast Fishery Fisherman noticed they were catching fewer and smaller fish. The Canadian government responded in 1992 by halting all fishing for northern cod and by making major cuts in the catches allowed for other groundfish species.

3. East Coast Fishery When the groundfish ban was imposed, expected that fish populations would recover in 5-7 years. cod stocks have remained at or below 1992 levels. The fishing industry has responded by diversifying its catch

4. Why the collapse ? no single cause responsible fish are a renewable resource as long as managed properly Sustainable yield management : use of a renewable resource at a rate that allows the resource to renew itself

5. Why the collapse? 5 major factors responsible for the collapse: 1.Overfishing 2. improved fishing technology, 3.uncontrolled foreign fishing, 4.destructive fishing practices, 5.changes in natural conditions

6. Five Major Factors 1.Overfishing : catch allowed by federal gov’t each year was too high overestimate of # fish reach maturity each year

7. Five Major Factors 2. Improved Fishing Technology After WWII larger, more powerful, engine-driven trawlers developed Allowed for faster and more accurate location of fish made overfishing easier

8. Five Major Factors 3. Uncontrolled Foreign Fishing Canada allowed uncontrolled fishing until the 1970s Countries urge UN to allow extensions of their national fishing limits to protect their fish stock 1977, UN allowed Canada to extend its control to 370km Foreign fleet working inside the limit had to follow Canadian fishing restrictions

10. Five Major Factors 4. Destructive Fishing Practices Bottom Trawling : Issue: bycatch, damage to seafloor ecosystem

11. Five Major Factors 5. Changes in Natural Conditions Changes in environmental conditions blamed for decline in fish stock water temperatures decreasing, salinity increaing decline of seal industry in late 70s

12. West Coast Fishery The most important catch on the West Coast is salmon 1994, one million fewer salmon arrived at spawning ground in BC Several reasons for partial collapse 1. overfishing 2. changes in the environment 3. Lack of Salmon Fishing Treaty

13. Factors for the Collapse 1. Overfishing : During 90’s American and Canadian salmon-fishing boats were catching 800 000 tonnes of fish per year Too few adult fish reached spawning rivers

14. Factors for the Collapse 2. Changes in the Environment : Global warming increase the temperature of the Pacific Ocean 7 ℃ (salmon prefer water below this) Continues to warm, salmon’s range shift northward Canada will lose its west coast salmon fishery

15. Factors for the Collapse 3. Lack of Salmon Fishing Treaty Longstanding dispute between Canada and US Where salmon can be caught and how much per Country

16. Challenges to West Coast Fishery Difficulty balancing limited supply of fish with a growing demand Three competing demands for Salmon in BC: 1. Fishing by First Nations 2. Sports fishing 3. Commercial fishing

17. Fishing by First Nations two reasons for the increase demand for salmon by Aboriginal people 1.Supreme Court decision 1990 2. Right to commercially fish is focus of many First Nation land claims in BC

18. Sport Fishing wanted a bigger share of the available salmon The sport of fishing brings in revenue for the province of BC Commercial Fishing overfishing Desire for larger share of the available salmon

19. Aquaculture: Blessing or a Curse? Primary reasons why aquaculture is a threat to fishery in British Columbia: Farm raised salmon is cheaper to sell Wild salmon is more expensive More salmon is produced in pens than caught naturally in the wild

20. Pests such as sea lice proliferate in fish farms and spread out to afflict wild fish. Sea lice are especially damaging to salmon, sometimes eating away the flesh Viral, fungal and bacterial diseases that arise in fish farms have spread to native fish populations Aquaculture Cntd…