1. ERGONOMIC VIBRATION

2. WHO’S AT RISK? n ANYONE WHO ABSORBS MACHINE VIBRATION THROUGH THEIR HANDS AND ARMS WHILE WORKING A FAST-MOVING HAND TOOL -- n OR THROUGH THE BUTTOCKS AND THE SOLES OF THE FEET WHILE RIDING IN OR STANDING NEAR VIBRATING, HEAVY MACHINERY-- n RUNS THE RISK.

3. WHAT IS VIBRATION? n VASOSPASTIC, NEUROMUSCULAR, ARTHRITIC DISORDERS OF THE HANDS AND UPPER LIMBS n COMPOSITE OF VIBRATION INDUCED SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (e.g. NUMBNESS, TINGLING OF THE FINGERS, EPISODIC BLANCHING OF THE FINGERS, PAIN, REDUCED GRIP STRENGTH AND DEXTERITY n RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME, WHITE FINGER

4. SYMPTOMS OF VIBRATION SYNDROME? n DISCOMFORT FROM COLD n TINGLING, NUMBING n BLANCHING FINGERS n PAIN

5. HOW MANY EXPOSED? n APPROXIMATELY 1.2 MILLION EXPOSED n 50 -- 60 % OF WORKER POPULATION HAVE SYMPTOMS

6. TYPES? n WHOLE BODY VIBRATION n SEGMENTAL VIBRATION

7. DEFINITION? n A CYCLE OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITY BACK- FORTH, UP AND DOWN RESULTING FROM REVERSAL OF ENERGY n FREQUENCIES OF 100 HZ OR HIGHER ARE ABSORBED BY THE HANDS AND WRISTS n FREQUENCIES UNDER 100 HZ ARE ABSORBED BY THE UPPER LIMB JOINTS

8. RESPONSE DEPENDS ON: n FREQUENCY OF VIBRATION n AMPLITUDE OF VIBRATION n TIME HISTORY OF VIBRATION EXPOSURE n DIRECTION OF VIBRATION n POINT OF APPLICATION OF VIBRATION n HOW MUCH VIBRATION IS TRANSMITTED n AFFECT OF CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT n BODY SIZE (HEIGHT AND WEIGHT) n BODY POSTURE/ BODY TENSION

9. MAGNITUDE IS INFLUENCED BY: n TYPE, WEIGHT, AND CONDITION OF TOOL n ACCELERATION AND FREQUENCY PRODUCED BY TOOL TOOL TYPE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ANTI-VIBRATION MATERIALTOOL TYPE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ANTI-VIBRATION MATERIAL OPERATING SPEED, ERGONOMICS OF USEOPERATING SPEED, ERGONOMICS OF USE n GRIPPING FORCES n ORIENTATION AND POSTURE OF THE HANDS, ARMS, AND BODY DURING WORK n PARTS OF HANDS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE VIBRATING SURFACE

10. TOOLS MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED: n POWERED HAMMERS n CHISELS, CHAIN SAWS n SANDERS, GRINDERS, RIVETERS n BREAKERS, DRILLS, COMPACTORS n SHARPENERS, SHAPERS

11. CONTROL STRATEGIES: n ENGINEERING AND WORK PRACTICES n ANTI-VIBRATION CLOTHING, EQUIPMENT, AND TRAINING n GOALS: REDUCE THE INTENSITYREDUCE THE INTENSITY REDUCE THE EXPOSURE DURATIONREDUCE THE EXPOSURE DURATION IDENTIFY THE EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSIDENTIFY THE EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

12. ENGINEERING CONTROLS: n REDUCTION AT SOURCE n REDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION n PROCESS MODIFICATION

13. REDUCTION AT SOURCE n REDUCE SPEED OF TOOL n REDUCE WEIGHT AND POWER NEEDED TO DRIVE THE TOOL n CHANGE TYPE OF TOOL E.G. RECIPROCATING ENGINE TO ROTARY OR ELECTRIC MOTORE.G. RECIPROCATING ENGINE TO ROTARY OR ELECTRIC MOTOR n TOOL MAINTENANCE n MOUNT EQUIPMENT ON SPRINGS OR COMPRESSION PADS n USE MATERIALS THAT GENERATE LESS VIBRATION

14. REDUCTION AT TRANSMISSION n PROVIDE CUSHION TO ACT AS A VIBRATION ISOLATER IN A SEATED TASK n PROVIDE ANTI-FATIGUE MATS FOR STANDING OPERATION n DESIGN TOOLS TO REDUCE VIBRATION TRANSMITTED TO THE HANDS, n COUNTERWEIGHT TOOLS TO MINIMIZE GRIPPING REQUIRED TO OPERATE THEM DAMPENING MATERIALS AND GLOVES ARE USUALLY MORE EFFECTIVE FOR HIGHER FREQUENCIES.DAMPENING MATERIALS AND GLOVES ARE USUALLY MORE EFFECTIVE FOR HIGHER FREQUENCIES.

15. PROCESS MODIFICATION n CHANGES IN ANY ASPECT OF PROCESS TO ELIMINATE NEED FOR VIBRATING TOOLS OR EQUIPMENT n USING MECHANICAL AIDS (CHUCKS, CLAMPS) TO HOLD MATERIAL REDUCES TIME OR INTENSITY OF EXPOSUREREDUCES TIME OR INTENSITY OF EXPOSURE n ROBOTICS n AUTOMATION n SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALS PLASTICS FOR HARD METALPLASTICS FOR HARD METAL

16. WORK MODIFICATION APPROACHES n LIMIT NUMBERS OF HOURS n REDUCE NUMBER OF DAYS PER WEEK n ROTATE BETWEEN VIBRATING AND NON- VIBRATING TOOL TASKS n SCHEDULE MAINTENANCE BREAKS

17. WORK PRACTICES n LENGTH OF WORK DAY n JOB ROTATION n SELECT LOW VIBRATION TOOLS n DESIGN WORK TASK AND WORKPLACE ERGONOMICALLY n REDUCE GRIP FORCE APPLIED n REDUCE FORCE APPLIED n RESTRICT USE OF PIECE WORK AND INCENTIVE PAY n ERGONOMIC WORK POSTURES

18. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS n PPE n REDUCE TRANSMISSION OF VIBRATING ENERGY TO THE HAND n PROTECT AGAINST EXPOSURE TO COLD AND TRAUMA n TRAINING SOURCE OF VIBRATIONSOURCE OF VIBRATION ADVERSE HEALTH AND SAFETY EFFECTSADVERSE HEALTH AND SAFETY EFFECTS EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSEARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS USE AND AVAILABILITY OF VIBRATION PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGUSE AND AVAILABILITY OF VIBRATION PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ANTI-VIBRATION DEVICESANTI-VIBRATION DEVICES VALUE OF GOOD TOOL MAINTENANCEVALUE OF GOOD TOOL MAINTENANCE WORK PRACTICE PROCEDURESWORK PRACTICE PROCEDURES