1. “I do not feign hypotheses” -Principia Mathematica Sir Isaac Newton

2. January 4 th 1643 – March 31 st 1727

3. Biography Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4 th 1643 in Lincolnshire, England, three months after his father died. At the age of 3 his mother was remarried to Reverend Barnabus Smith whom he intensely disliked. Isaac Newton attended The Kings School until the age of seventeen, when he was admitted to Trinity College. While the university taught the works of Aristotle, Newton preferred to study the works of Descartes and Galileo. In 1665, the university he was attending closed due to the widely infectious plague. However he did not waste this time and made advances in optics and mathematics, but was reluctant to have his discoveries published.

4. In 1667, Newton resumed work at Trinity College, now taking up alchemy. Newton first released his work to the mathematical community in 1668 after expanding on methods presented on dealing with infinite series for which he was then presented with a Lucasian Professorship at Trinity College. Newton’s first public contribution to the scientific world was the reflecting telescope which he designed and created. This technology ensured his election to membership in the Royal Society. Feeling extremely well received by his colleagues, Newton released a paper on light and colours in 1672. However he did not respond well to the criticism put forth by Robert Hooke, and withdrew into virtual isolation After several years Newton released a second paper explaining the properties of light, which again caused controversy with Robert Hooke which was soon resolved and circle of English Jesuits in Liège. Newton was not capable of dealing with and suffered a nervous breakdown followed by six years of isolation.

5. During Newton’s time of solitude he rediscovered his passion for alchemy. In 1884, Newton expanded on one of his previous theories of orbital dynamics at the urge of Edmond Halley, who was stumped by this idea. Newton’s theory soon became the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica which is the basis for all of modern science. The Newton’s three laws of motion are: 1. that a body remains in its state of rest unless it is compelled to change that state by a force impressed on it; 2. that the change of motion (the change of velocity times the mass of the body) is proportional to the force impressed; 3. that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

6. Isaac Newton presented the manuscript to the Royal Society in 1686 and Robert Hooke claimed it as plagiarism. Unlike the past times that Newton had received criticism, he stood his ground and edited his work so that there was no trace of Hooke left. Newton also declined the presidency of the Royal Society until Hooke was dead. Newton soon became very sought- after with by young scientists creating a generation of Newtonians, and was seen as an idol, and offered a position at Cambridge. Isaac Newton became a leading force in the religious battle to keep Protestantism the state religion in England under King James the Second. After finishing the jewel of his work, Newton became bored with his current life and went to find a position in London. Finally he received a position as warden of the mint in 1696, but he did not resign from Cambridge until 1701.

7. In 1693, Newton briefly lost his sanity when one of his most influential friends, Fatio de Duillier, became seriously ill, but as the crisis ended Newton regained his sanity. In 1705, Queen Anne knighted him now making him Sir Isaac Newton. Sir Isaac Newton died 1727 in London, England.

8. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica Published July 5 th, 1687 States Newton’s three laws of motion Carries conditions and hypothetical laws in non-resisting and resisting media for then the media is in motion The ideas put forth in the book are those that attempt to explain terrestrial movement and celestial movement

9. Significance of Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton left his legacy in the world of science. His discovery of the three laws of physics that are applied world-wide have become the basis of present day science. Once Newton had discovered that white light was actually a prism full of colours of designed and created a reflected telescope which uses different coloured tinted glass to provide a sharper picture, this technology is still used in larger telescopes.

10. Key Issues Religion: during the rule of King James the Second there was an attempt to change the state religion to Catholicism, however Isaac Newton being a strong protestant, argued strongly against this change Economics: when Newton was serving as warden of the mint during The Great Recoinage, counterfeiting was high treason punishable by being hanged, Isaac Newton literally took the law into his own hands and went undercover to find the perpetrators Science: Newton devoted most of his life to the art of science, involving such areas as optics, mathematics, mechanics and gravitation, improving each area that he worked in

11. Bibliography Anderson, Arthur B. "Sir Isaac Newton." The Reformation Online - The Most Timely, Scientific, and Patriotic Site on the Internet. Web. 02 Jan. 2010.. Flower, Michael. "Isaac Newton." Galileo and Einstein Home Page. Web. 01 Jan. 2010.. "Sir Isaac Newton." 2010. Biography.com. 1 Jan 2010, 08:39.