1. Burn Area Emergency Response Head of First Water

2. Why is BAER Necessary? The EMERGENCY initially caused by the fire may not be over when the flames are out! Post-fire hazards can KILL people and DAMAGE property and resource values. The EMERGENCY initially caused by the fire may not be over when the flames are out! Post-fire hazards can KILL people and DAMAGE property and resource values. Stuart Guard Station – Mouth of Nuck Woodward

3. BAER is… A process with very tightly defined goals  Identify values at risk.  Identify cost effective treatments with a high likelihood of success that can help reduce those risks.  Implement those treatments in a timely fashion and monitor their effectiveness. An emergency funding source  Funds can only be spent on National Forest System lands – but the values at risk can be on adjacent lands.

5. Resources at Risk Human life and safety is the number one value at risk

6. Resources at risk Water quality Fish habitat Irrigation diversions and systems Power plant operations Recreation facilities, roads and trails Bob Wright Road

7. The assessment must be completed within 7 days of containment of the fire. Timing is Critical. Treatments should begin before the first damaging storms that threaten life, property, or the resource values needing protection. All treatments must be done in time to be effective. All work must be finished within 1 year of containment of the fire. Bridge above Old Folks Campground

8. BAER IS an immediate response to an emergency situation. BAER IS NOT an attempt to put the land or its facilities back to their former condition. BAER is a race against the weather Nuck Woodward

9. What can be done under BAER ? BAER treatmentLong-term restoration treatment Mulching to protect the surface of the soil from erosion Tree planting Culvert replacements on roads to accommodate increased flows and debris Road improvements Water bar repair on trails to reduce sediment flow off the trails Moving the trail to another location Temporary closure of campgrounds under threat of flooding Replacing picnic tables damaged during the fire Storm patrols that regularly check the effectiveness of debris flow control structures Monitoring how plants naturally regenerate after the fire Treatment of noxious weeds spread by firefighting activities or BAER treatments Seeding with desirable plant species Cutting down hazard trees to provide for public safety Logging dead trees

10. BAER is a body of knowledge Some treatments are not very effective for emergency control of erosion  Seeding  Ground hydromulching  Use of PAM (polyacrylamide) soil binding agents BAER is not the only source of assistance after a fire  NRCS Emergency Watershed Programs  Utah Emergency Management Services

11. Existing seeds and tree and shrub root systems will create natural regeneration There is no special Forest Service funding available for long-term restoration efforts. Castle Valley Ridge

12. Seeley Burn Area Emergency Response BAER Assessment Findings and Recommendations July 31, 2012

13. Fire Intensity - “Above ground” visual fire effects: Loss of overstory and understory vegetative canopy. Loss of surface litter and debris. Burn Severity - degree of change to soil conditions and hydrologic function: At & below ground:  Total heat  Residence time  Alters soil structure and ability to absorb water How Did We Assess the Fire?

14. BARC Map (Burned Area Reflectance Classification)

15. Identify critical values in, or in close proximity to, the burned area. Value Identification CRITICAL VALUES HUMAN LIFE AND SAFETY Human life and safety on or in close proximity to burned NFS lands. PROPERTY Buildings, water systems, utility systems, road and trail prisms, dams, wells or other significant investments on or in close proximity to the burned NFS lands. NATURAL RESOURCES Water used for municipal, domestic, hydropower, or agricultural supply or waters with special state or federal designations on or in close proximity to the burned NFS lands. Soil productivity and hydrologic function on burned NFS lands. Critical habitat or suitable occupied habitat for federally listed threatened or endangered terrestrial, aquatic animal or plant species on or in close proximity to the burned NFS lands. Native or naturalized communities on NFS lands where invasive species or noxious weeds are absent or present in only minor amounts. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE RESOURCES Cultural resources on NFS lands which are listed on or potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Cultural Resources Aquatic/Riparian & Wildlife Habitat Life and Safety

16. Post-Fire Effects

18. Findings: Post-Fire Effects 23% of FS area is high burn severity

19. Findings: Post-Fire Effects 46% of FS area is moderate burn severity

20. Findings: Post-Fire Effects Debris Flows and floods can impact:  Human safety  Downstream Values-at-Risk  Water quality

21. Findings: Post-Fire Effects Rains on July 6, 7, and 16 resulted in flows that carried tons of mud, ash and debris across SR-31 and into streams draining the fire. Ash deposition was seen in irrigation ditches below the Huntington airport and below Price Utah.

22. Findings: Post-Fire Effects Side Canyon Drainages above Hwy. 31 Debris flows/flooding Excessive channel scour Channel headcutting

23. Findings: Post-Fire Effects Assessed Roads at: Nuck Woodward, Bob Wright, Corner Canyon, Campground roads Debris flows and flooding from side drainages Cut-slope Failure Streambank Erosion Washouts in Road Culverts Undersized and Non-Functioning

24. Findings: Post-Fire Effects State HWY 31 Huntington Canyon Multiple culverts and roadside ditches along State HWY 31 are clogged with debris and not functioning. Flash Floods and Debris flows from side drainages after short- duration high intensity storms have overtopped highway. Larger storms could result in even greater damage to HWY 31. Public Safety

25. Findings: Post-Fire Effects Recreation: Approximately 13 miles of trails received damage from debris flows and burned out stumps. Tread damage and down trees impede trail use. Most campgrounds and dispersed camping areas were unaffected by the fire; however, they are now sustaining damage from debris flows and flash flooding. Water systems were damaged and rill erosion could bury spring collection areas and expose waterlines on the hill slopes. Risks to visitors from hazard trees will persist for many years. Barriers across user-created routes have been burned in the fire. Pole Canyon Trail South Stuart campsite

26. Findings: Post-Fire Effects Left Fork silt fence damage Sawmill Canyon barriers Pole Canyon Trail South Stuart campsite

27. Findings: Noxious Weeds KNOWN WEED POPULATIONS Musk Thistle, Hounds Tongue and Scotch Thistle infest Huntington Canyon, Nuck Woodward, Trough Springs Ridge and Castle Valley Ridge. SUPRESSION ACTIVITIES CREATE GROUND DISTURBANCE WHICH CAN INCREASE WEEDS Hand lines, dozer lines, burnout, engines, hose lays, use of retardant, helibases, cargo/sling sites, spike camps

28. Range Findings: Post-Fire Effects Allotments that were damaged significantly by fire: Castle Valley Ridge C&H 60% Bob Wright S&G 56% Trough Springs Ridge S&G 54% Candland S&G Forage Reserve 42%

29. Findings: Wildlife and Fisheries Direct fire effects (i.e. mortality) to listed terrestrial wildlife species were not observed within the Seeley Fire perimeter. In the short term there will be negative impacts to some wildlife species within areas with high and moderate burn severity. The fire will have long-term positive impacts to many wildlife species including mule deer, elk, goshawk and golden eagle. The fire, itself, had little to no direct effect on fish populations because nearly all high intensity/severity areas occurred on the mid-upper slopes.

30. Findings, continued Approximately 38,231 acres of Mule Deer Summer Range are within the Seeley Fire Perimeter. Approximately 9,356 acres are winter/transition range. There are 25,109 acres of elk summer range, and 22,478 acres of elk transition/winter range.

31. Findings: Post-fire Effects Fish kill was observed in Huntington Canyon and downstream fisheries after July 7 th and 16 th debris flows. Future storms on burned areas will likely cause similar debris flows over the next 3-5 years. Habitat-degrading fine sediment will likely accumulate in streams important for both recreational and native fisheries along Huntington Creek for 5 years or more.

32. Recommended BAER Treatments

33. BAER Recommendations Hill Slope Treatment: Wood Mulch 584 acres to reduce erosion and runoff 6 tons/acre, 50% coverage Harvest and shred beetle-kill and burned snags along roads  Trough Springs Ridge  Gentry Mountain Use helicopter for placement

34. BAER Recommendations: Roads General Reconstruct washed out portions of roads Rehab waterbars/rolling dips, culverts and catch basins Replace under sized/non-functioning culverts Construct additional waterbars/rolling dips Construct low water crossings Armor streambank erosion and culvert inlets Close Nuck Woodward Road until repairs have been completed. Install warning signs on roads that enter or provide access to burned areas and along Highway 31. Monitor road drainage structures after storm events to ensure the maximum drainage capacity is maintained.

35. BAER Recommendations Side Canyon Drainage Treatments to Protect Hwy. 31 Construct Overflow Basins in natural flat areas or existing flood plains adjacent to stream channels to dissipate flow over a larger area. Construct Debris Racks along drainage channels to minimize amount of debris carried downstream during flow events. Construct Rock Armored Overflow structures where channels intersect cut slopes adjacent to the highway to protect these slopes from headcutting. Stream Grade Stabilization to help reduce or prevent continued headcutting in stream channels. Monitor structures after storm events to ensure the maximum drainage capacity is maintained until the natural re-vegetation has occurred.

36. BAER Recreation Recommendations: Clean existing trail drainage structures on high and moderate severity trails. Install 300 additional drainage structures on high and moderate severity trails. Temporarily close trails until proper drainage can be established, down trees are removed and slopes stabilize. Install hazard warning signs on roads, trails, and campsites threatened by flash flooding and fire effects on soils and vegetation. Install barriers and signs to prevent uncontrolled motorized use in areas where it is likely to occur. Enlarge and clean ditches around spring collection areas, construct water bars/check dams over waterlines, repair the silt fence around Left Fork of Huntington water system, and repair/replace the sediment liner at the Old Folks Flat spring collection area.

37. BAER Recreation Recommendations: Conditions change with every storm, and the response must change to accommodate current conditions. Initial campground closure recommendations: South Old Folks Flats, South Stuart, Beaver Dam, Big Rock, Bridges (Site A), dispersed sites along Nuck Woodward Creek, South Hughes and Old Folks Flat. Pump vault toilet at Big Rock to prevent stream contamination.

38. BAER Weed Recommendations: Monitoring – Monitor within the burned area, focusing on areas with existing noxious weeds and all locations associated with fire suppression activities (e.g., spike camps, dozer line, hand lines) Chemical Treatment – Treat approximately 1,088 acres of existing infestations and treat any new infestations resulting from suppression activities

39. Recommended Long-Term Restoration

40. Wildlife Recommendations: Monitor Aspen recovery within the burned area. Aspen regeneration and stand survival is important to numerous wildlife species. Stand survival is a concern if sufficient heights (approximately5- 6 feet) are not met, or if elk and deer use is concentrated in areas of new aspen growth. Monitor Management Indicator Species populations and compare results to pre-fire data.

41. Fisheries Recommendations: Monitor the head cut control treatments in Nuck Woodward. Monitor fine sediment depth in pools in low-gradient reaches of upper Huntington Creek and Nuck Woodward to measure rate of fine sediment accumulation and scouring. Consider post-fire electro-fishing surveys in cooperation with the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources to compare to pre-fire electro-fishing surveys.

42. Replace bridges that were burned or washed away in flash floods. Reconstruct Second Water and Sawmill Canyon Trails which were damaged in flooding. Construct fence along road into Stuart Guard Station. Monitor trails in the high or moderate severity burns for proper drainage. Recreation Recommendations: Pole Canyon bridge Road into Stuart Guard Station

43. Range Recommendations Within 3 years, replace all burned watering troughs (17) and 6.75 miles of fencing to support proper distribution of livestock grazing. Salting will not be done close to edges of burned areas. All areas that burned will be rested for at least two growing seasons. Meaning the soonest grazing could continue in burned areas is the fall of 2014.

44. Treatment Recommendations for Adjacent Lands

45.  The Seeley Fire caused high and moderate intensity burns on steep slopes that drain off the forest in the Huntington Creek, Miller Creek, Serviceberry Creek, Los Angeles Canyon, Corner Canyon, First and Second Water Canyon, and Mud Canyon drainages.  Recent debris and mud flows have shown just how far material from the fire can travel. Coordination is Essential

46. PacifiCorp should install a river gauge and weather station as recommended by Brian McInerney, hydrologist with the National Weather Service in Salt Lake City. The Huntington/Cleveland Irrigation Company should consider removing accumulated sediment behind their Huntington headgate to minimize additional sediment from entering irrigation pipes and sprinkler lines. Huntington Creek

47. Adjacent Lands (BLM, State, County, Private) Hiawatha Clear Creek Wiregrass Bench Gordon Creek

48. Adjacent Lands (BLM, State, County, Private) Replace down powerlines (Clear Creek, Hiawatha) and protect from future debris flows. Install waterbars, enlarge culverts, and add relief culverts. Install flood warning signs and issue flood alerts based on rainfall amounts. Protect existing structures in coal loadout facilities from debris flows. Excavate mine ponds (Hiawatha) that have filled with sediment/ash. Repair/maintain outlet culverts.

49. Highway 31 - UDOT Locate and clean all relief culverts Increase ditch capacity Reinforce sections of road where high flows are causing streambank erosion Continued maintenance after storm events THANK YOU FOR YOUR EFFORTS!!!

50. Implementation

51. When to Treat? Crews have begun implementing treatments in the past week, and will continue treatments until complete. Funding for projects is expected within the week. Timing is Critical