1. Fertility Measures & Concepts

2. Complexities of Fertility Analysis
Involves 2 individuals of opposite sex
Risk is not universal in female population
Fecundity
Sexual activity
Contraception/abortion
Repeatable event

3. (mid-year population)
Crude Birth Rate
Births in the period 0 to T
CBR =
Person-yrs lived 0 to T
(mid-year population)
The CBR is often multiplied by 1,000 and expressed per 1,000 in the population
The CBR of Malawi from was 56.3

4. General Fertility Rate
Births in the period 0 to T
GFR =
Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women ages 15-50
(mid-year population)
The GFR is also often multiplied by 1,000 and expressed per 1,000 in the population

7. Age-Specific Fertility Rates
Births in the period 0 to T to women aged x to x+n
ASFR =
Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women aged x to x+n

8. Total Fertility Rate
Sum of all age specific fertility rates

11. Variants of TFR Parity specific fertility rates
Women at parity “p”
Marital fertility rates
Married women

12. Cohort Fertility
The mean parity for a cohort of women who have completed their fertility is that cohort’s TFR

13. Parity Progression Ratio
Number of women at parity i+1 or more
PPR=
Number of women at parity i or more
Proportion of a cohort who had at least i live births who went on to have at least one more
Box 5.4 (p. 105)

14. Reproduction Measures
Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
The number of female births an average woman would have if she lived through the end of her reproductive span.
Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)
The average number of daughters that female members of a birth cohort would bear during their reproductive life span if they were subject to the observed age-specific maternity rates and mortality rates through their lifetimes.
NRR=1 equals exact replacement fertility

15. Why are high birth rates so low?

16. Proximate Determinants of Fertility
Marriage & Marital Disruption
Sterility
Postpartum Infecundability
Fecundability
Spontaneous Intrauterine Mortality
Contraception
Induced Abortion